Physics-Based Microstructure Simulation for Drilled Hole Surface in Hardened Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninggang Shen ◽  
Hongtao Ding
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
White Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steady State Solution ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Critical Surface ◽  
Fine Mesh

For a fully hardened steel material, hole surface microstructures are often subject to microstructural transition because of the intense thermomechanical loading. A white layer can be formed on the surface of a drilled hole of hardened carbon steels, which results from two mechanisms: thermally driven phase transformation and mechanical grain refinement due to severe plastic deformation. In this study, a multistep numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the potential mechanism of surface microstructure alterations in hard drilling. First, three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) simulations are performed using a relative coarse mesh with advantedge for hard drilling of AISI 1060 steel to achieve the steady-state solution for thermal and deformation fields. Defining the initial condition of the cutting zone using the 3D simulation results, a multiphysics model is then implemented in two-dimensional (2D) coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) FE analysis in abaqus to model both phase transformation and grain refinement at a fine mesh to comprehend the surface microstructure alteration. Experimental results are used to demonstrate the capability of this multiphysics model to predict critical surface microstructural attributes.

Predictive Modeling of Surface Microstructure of Hardened Steel Subject to Drilling

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninggang Shen ◽  
Hongtao Ding ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
White Layer ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Critical Surface ◽  
Physics Model ◽  
Surface Microstructures

Hole surface microstructures are very critical to the mechanical performance and fatigue life of metallic products from drilling processes. When steel material is drilled at a fully hardened condition, hole surface microstructures are often subject to transition because of the intense thermo-mechanical loading in the drilling process. A white layer can be formed on the surface of a drilled hole of carbon steels with high matrix hardness. The formation of the white layer mainly results from two reasons: thermally driven phase transformation and mechanical grain refinement due to severe plastic deformation on the machined surface. In this study, a multi-step numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the potential mechanism of surface microstructure alterations in the drilling process of hardened steels. First, three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) simulations are performed using a relative coarse mesh with AdvantEdge for hard drilling of AISI 1060 steel to achieve the steady-state solution for thermal and deformation fields. Defining the initial condition of the cutting zone using the previous 3D simulation results, a multi-physics model is then implemented in two-dimensional (2D) coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) finite element analysis in ABAQUS to model both phase transformation and grain refinement at a fine mesh to comprehend the surface microstructure alteration. The interaction among surface microstructures, drilling parameters and the hardness of the workpiece material are studied simultaneously. With the comparison to related experimental results, the capabilities of the multi-physics model to accurately predict critical surface microstructural attributes such as phase compositions, grain size, and microhardness during the drilling of carbon steel are demonstrated.

Surface Microstructure and Texture Evolution during Interrupted Annealing in Ultra Low Carbon Steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 89-91 ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
J. Gautam ◽  
Roumen H. Petrov ◽  
Leo Kestens ◽  
Elke Leunis
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metal Vapour ◽  
Low Carbon Steels

The austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation, which is an inherent feature of low-alloyed ultra low carbon steels, has scarcely been investigated to control surface texture and microstructure evolution. This paper investigates the systematic evolution of texture and microstructure at the metal-vapour interface during interrupted annealing in vacuum. Interrupted annealing experiments were carried out on three ultra low carbon steel sheets alloyed with Mn, Al and Si. The texture and microstructures have been investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM-EBSD techniques. These results reveal a very clear variation in the surface texture components as well as in the surface microstructure after BCC recrystallisation and double  transformation interrupted annealing. The recrystallisation texture consists mainly of a <111>//ND fibre, while the transformation texture at the surface exhibits a <100>// ND fibre in combination with components of the <110> //ND fibre. It has been revealed that the latter specific surface texture was present in a monolayer of outer surface grains which were in direct contact with the vapour atmosphere. This observed phenomenon could be explained by considering the role of surface energy anisotropy occurring during phase transformation annealing.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional EBSD Analysis and TEM Observation for Interface Microstructure during Reverse Phase Transformation in Low Carbon Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Kengo Hata ◽  
Kazuki Fujiwara ◽  
Kaori Kawano ◽  
Masaaki Sugiyama ◽  
Takashi Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Ebsd Analysis ◽  
Interface Microstructure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Low Carbon Steels

scholarly journals Three-dimensional in situ characterization of phase transformation induced austenite grain refinement in nickel-titanium

2019 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Bucsek ◽  
L. Casalena ◽  
D.C. Pagan ◽  
P.P. Paul ◽  
Y. Chumlyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
In Situ Characterization ◽  
Austenite Grain

scholarly journals Lath Martensite Microstructure Modeling: A High-Resolution Crystal Plasticity Simulation Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Francisco-José Gallardo-Basile ◽  
Yannick Naunheim ◽  
Franz Roters ◽  
Martin Diehl
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Crystal Plasticity ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Austenitic Phase

Lath martensite is a complex hierarchical compound structure that forms during rapid cooling of carbon steels from the austenitic phase. At the smallest, i.e., ‘single crystal’ scale, individual, elongated domains, form the elemental microstructural building blocks: the name-giving laths. Several laths of nearly identical crystallographic orientation are grouped together to blocks, in which–depending on the exact material characteristics–clearly distinguishable subblocks might be observed. Several blocks with the same habit plane together form a packet of which typically three to four together finally make up the former parent austenitic grain. Here, a fully parametrized approach is presented which converts an austenitic polycrystal representation into martensitic microstructures incorporating all these details. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) are generated based on prior austenite microstructure reconstructed from a 2D experimental martensitic microstructure. The RVEs are used for high-resolution crystal plasticity simulations with a fast spectral method-based solver and a phenomenological constitutive description. The comparison of the results obtained from the 2D experimental microstructure and the 2D RVEs reveals a high quantitative agreement. The stress and strain distributions and their characteristics change significantly if 3D microstructures are used. Further simulations are conducted to systematically investigate the influence of microstructural parameters, such as lath aspect ratio, lath volume, subblock thickness, orientation scatter, and prior austenitic grain shape on the global and local mechanical behavior. These microstructural features happen to change the local mechanical behavior, whereas the average stress–strain response is not significantly altered. Correlations between the microstructure and the plastic behavior are established.

Study of phase transformation and surface microstructure of alumina ceramic under irradiation of intense pulsed ion beam

Vacuum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 110154
Author(s):  
Shijian Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Haowen Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Alumina Ceramic ◽  
Surface Microstructure

Process Modeling in Laser Deposition of Multilayer SS410 Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Sergio Felicelli
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Net Shaping ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram

A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to predict the temperature distribution and phase transformation in deposited stainless steel 410 (SS410) during the Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™) rapid fabrication process. The development of the model was carried out using the SYSWELD software package. The model calculates the evolution of temperature in the part during the fabrication of a SS410 plate. The metallurgical transformations are taken into account using the temperature-dependent material properties and the continuous cooling transformation diagram. The ferritic and martensitic transformation as well as austenitization and tempering of martensite are considered. The influence of processing parameters such as laser power and traverse speed on the phase transformation and the consequent hardness are analyzed. The potential presence of porosity due to lack of fusion is also discussed. The results show that the temperature distribution, the microstructure, and hardness in the final part depend significantly on the processing parameters.

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