Development of a Coal Fired Pressurized Fluidized Bed for Combined Cycle Power Generation

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moskowitz ◽  
G. Weth ◽  
A. Leon
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Electric Plant

A program to design, construct and operate a pilot electric plant using a pressurized fluidized bed (PFB) combustor burning high sulfur coal to produce electricity at competitive costs and in an environmentally acceptable manner is proceeding under DOE sponsorship. Three components were identified needing experimental test data to validate the selected design configurations or material selections. These components included: (a) PFB in-bed heat exchanger tubes, (b) hot gas cleanup system, and (c) turbine blades. R&D test programs utilizing laboratory rigs, commercial fluid bed reactors, and a large scale PFB technology rig were conducted for a cumulative test time of over 10,000 hr. Design criteria and configurations were selected and verified. This paper presents the results of the technology development presents the results of the technology development tests. Also, the large scale PFB technology rig design and test program are presented. The results of operating a small gas turbine coupled to the PFB combustor and hot gas cleanup system within this technology rig are discussed.

Development of High Temperature High Pressure Filtration Technology

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Higashi ◽  
Noriyuki Oda
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
The One ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Filtration Technology ◽  
Basic Configuration

Advanced Ceramic Tube Filters (ACTF) have been developed by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd (AGC) using innovative concepts aimed at hot gas clean-up system feasible for large scale industrial processes. More than 25 ACTF units of pilot and demonstration scale have been installed to demonstrate its readiness for various industrial applications. Among these applications, pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) combined cycle power generation system is the one in which the largest market size is foreseen until the 21st century. In this paper, the latest status of the development and commercialization of ACTF as well as the principle, basic configuration and operation of the system are described.

A Review of the Efficacy of Silicon Carbide Hot-Gas Filters in Coal Gasification and Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Environments

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Judkins ◽  
D. P. Stinton ◽  
J. H. DeVan
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Hot Gas Cleaning ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion

Reviews of relevant literature and interviews with individuals cognizant of the state of the art in ceramic filters for hot-gas cleaning were conducted. Thermodynamic calculations of the stability of various ceramic phases were also made. Based on these calculations, reviews, and interviews, conclusions were reached regarding the use of silicon carbide-based ceramics as hot-gas filter media. Arguments are presented that provide the basis for our conclusion that high-purity silicon carbide is a viable material in the integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) environments we examined. Clay-bonded materials are, we concluded, suspect for these applications, their extensive use not-withstanding. Operations data we reviewed focused primarily on clay-bonded filters, for which a great deal of experience exists. We used the clay-bonded filter experience as a point of reference for our review and analysis.

Assessment of Hot Gas Clean-Up Systems and Turbine Erosion/Corrosion Problems in Pfbc Combined Cycle Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stringer ◽  
S. Ehrlich ◽  
W. W. Slaughter ◽  
A. C. Dolbec
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Particulate Removal

Alternative methods of producing electricity from coal while maintaining acceptable environmental standards are currently being examined in detail. One such method involves the fluidized bed combustion of coal at elevated pressure, using an acceptor in the fluidized bed to remove the sulfur. Steam is raised using heat exchangers within and above the bed, and the hot combustion gases are expanded through a gas turbine. A serious limitation on this system is the ability to reduce the particulate loading in the combustion gases to a level at which a gas turbine having acceptable life can be constructed. The turbine may be either a new design or a modification of a currently available engine, and palliatives include lowering the turbine inlet temperature, lowering the gas velocity through the turbine, and “hardening” the turbine by the selection of appropriate materials or claddings for the vanes and blades. In this paper, the various degradation processes are considered, with emphasis on erosion, and the probable limits of particulate loading in the gas stream are estimated. These estimates are discussed in relation to existing hot gas particulate removal systems, and directions for further study are suggested.

A Review of the Efficacy of Silicon Carbide Hot Gas Filters in Coal Gasification and Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Environments

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roddie R. Judkins ◽  
David P. Stinton ◽  
Jackson H. DeVan
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Hot Gas Cleaning ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion

Reviews of relevant literature and interviews with individuals cognizant of the state-of-the-art in ceramic filters for hot-gas cleaning were conducted. Thermodynamic calculations of the stability of various ceramic phases were also made. Based on these calculations, reviews, and interviews, conclusions were reached regarding the use of silicon carbide-based ceramics as hot-gas filter media. Arguments are presented that provide the basis for our conclusion that high-purity silicon carbide is a viable material in the integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) environments we examined. Clay-bonded materials are, we concluded, suspect for these applications, their extensive use notwithstanding. Operations data we reviewed focused primarily on clay-bonded filters, for which a great deal of experience exists. We used the clay-bonded filter experience as a point of reference for our review and analysis.

scholarly journals Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Combustion: A Status Report

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Scott ◽  
H. R. Hoy ◽  
A. E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

The first ever pressurized fluidized-bed combustor (PFBC) came into operation at the laboratories of the British Coal Utilization Research Laboratory at Leatherhead in 1969. This operated at pressures up to 6 atmospheres and ultimately had a thermal input of 4.5 MW. In the ensuing years, six other laboratory-scale combustors with thermal inputs ranging from 0.4 MW to about 2.4 MW and with working pressures up to 20 atmospheres came into operation. Scale up of the technology began in 1980. Comprehensive data on combustion, hot gas cleanup and environmental aspects of the technology have been accumulated and design studies have shown that combined-cycle power plant based on PFBC have the potential to provide electric power at lower busbar costs than competing advanced power generating technologies. This paper provides an overview on the development of the technology, the technical advances made, and those in the pipeline aimed at making the system even more attractive.

scholarly journals Integration of Combustion Turbine Systems Into Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycles

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Newby ◽  
W. F. Domeracki ◽  
A. W. McGuigan ◽  
R. L. Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Gas Filtration ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Hot Gas Filtration ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion

Currently, pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) combined cycle power plants apply multiple stages of cyclones to clean the combustion products prior to turbine expansion, and rugged, inefficient expanders are required for this dirty-gas duty. The turbine inlet temperature is limited to the fluid bed combustor temperature, about 843°C (1550°F), so the plant thermal efficiency is relatively low. The development of hot gas filtration and coal-gas topping for PFBC combined cycles is the next step in the evolution of PFBC, and will result in the use of modern, high-efficiency combustion turbines in PFBC applications as well as plant thermal efficiencies up to 47% (HHV). Westinghouse is developing integrated combustion turbine systems that interface with PFBC plants and incorporate the functions of hot gas filtration, alkali vapor removal, topping combustion, hot gas piping and control, and turbine compression and expansion. This paper reports on the engineering considerations made by Westinghouse for these integrated combustion turbine systems and summarizes the current development activities and status.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

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