A Comprehensive Review of 4D Flow MRI and CFD in Cardiovascular and Congenital Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamees El Nihum ◽  
Ponraj Chinnadurai ◽  
C. Huie Lin ◽  
Debjyoti Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
4D Mri ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract A growing population of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) has spurred increased study in recent decades into the complex anatomical vasculature of congenital heart patients and the resulting hemodynamic changes that progressively affect the heart and great vessels. To this end, assessment of flow dynamics using advanced imaging technology and computational simulations have paved a path toward greater understanding of the patterns and implications of flow alterations in complex and changing vasculature, and offer promise for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in the future. The focus of this review is to describe past studies of four-dimensional (4D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the literature as related to pathophysiology of the heart in structural and CHD. This review will highlight the importance of working with both imaging and simulation technology to co-validate experimental (4D MRI) and simulation (CFD) models, allowing for more accurate depiction of flow dynamics within human vasculature and ultimately toward improvement of the tools and methodologies used in analysis, simulation and prediction of cardiovascular hemodynamics toward enhanced diagnostics and therapeutic intervention.

HEMANGIOMA OF THE LIVER WITH HEART FAILURE: A CASE REPORT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
ROBERT W. WINTERS ◽  
SAUL J. ROBINSON ◽  
GEORGE BATES
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Great Vessels

A case of multiple hemangiomata of the liver is reported in an infant who presented signs and symptoms strongly suggesting congenital heart disease. The post mortem examination revealed no gross anomalies of the heart or great vessels, but did show a heart with cardiac hypertrophy. A mechanism to explain the cardiac failure in this case is discussed.

scholarly journals Managing Congenital Lobar Overinflation Associated with Congenital Heart Disease

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Ranjit I. Kylat
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Defect ◽  
Surgical Decision ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Ideal

The incidence of congenital lobar overinflation (CLO) is reported at 1 in 20,000–30,000 live births and represents 10% of all congenital lung malformations. The occurrence of concomitant congenital heart disease (CHD) and CLO ranges from 12% to 20%. There are diverging views in the management as to whether early lobectomy or repair of the cardiac defect, with the assumption that respiratory symptomatology would gradually resolve, or a combined lung and cardiac repair would be the ideal first step in the management. In concomitant CLO and CHD, the surgical decision has to be individualized. Prior to surgical intervention a thorough evaluation may be needed with contrast computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bronchoscopy, and if needed cardiac catheterization. CLO improves with management of many left to right shunts and in those with anomalous vessels, but early lobectomy or combined approach may be considered in those symptomatic patients with more complex CHD.

scholarly journals 4D flow MRI demonstrates changes in cardiovascular haemodynamics in complex congenital heart disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rose ◽  
Ozair Rahman ◽  
Susanne Schnell ◽  
Joshua Robinson ◽  
Cynthia Rigsby
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Complex Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
4D Flow Mri ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Flow Mri

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Great Vessels

HEART failure is associated with an inability of the heart to empty itself adequately, with the result that there is a high venous filling pressure and a decrease in the effective work done by the heart muscle. There are several factors that, if sufficiently severe, will produce congestive heart failure in either infancy or childhood. These include valvular obstruction or insufficiency; mechanical obstruction of the heart as a whole, as in pericardial disease; the physical effects of large intracardiac shunts which increase the load on one or both ventricles; the presence of raised pressure in the pulmonary or systemic circulation; inflammatory reactions in the heart muscle or oxygen lack; and, finally, certain metabolic disturbances, such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. One or more of these factors may be operating in the same child, as in rheumatic fever where myocarditis is associated with valvular insufficiency, or in congenital heart disease with pulmonary stenosis and patent foramen ovale, where the right ventricle has a high pressure to maintain and is at the same time being offered cyanotic blood from the coronaries. PATIENT MATERIAL In analyzing 1,580 cases of congenital heart disease at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, 20 per cent were found to have had failure at some time. In 90 per cent of these failure occurred in the first year of life. A list of the various causes of heart failure in the pediatric age group in order of frequency follows. [see table in source pdf] In certain types of heart defects failure develops in characteristic age groups. For example, during the first week of life the most common cause of heart failure is aortic atresia. From 1 week to 1 month, coarctation of the aorta leads. From 1 to 2 months, transposition of the great vessels predominates. From 2 to 3 months, endocardial fibroelastosis is the chief cause of heart failure, with transportation of the great vessels second to it. The actual incidence of type of heart defect in relation to age at onset of heart failure is as follows.

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