Investigation of Hydrogen Emissions in Partially Premixed Diesel Combustion

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Northrop ◽  
Lucas M. Vanderpool ◽  
Praveen V. Madathil ◽  
Dennis N. Assanis ◽  
Stanislav V. Bohac
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Constant ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Premixed Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Low Sulfur

Partially premixed combustion strategies offer many advantages for compression ignition engines. One such advantage for engines operating on diesel fuels is the simultaneous reduction of soot and NOX achievable over a wide range of equivalence ratios. Though often not measured in engine experiments, gaseous H2 is a byproduct of incomplete combustion and can be useful for the regeneration of aftertreatment devices. Correlations for the exhaust concentration of H2, mostly derived from experiments with homogeneous spark ignition engines, indicate that it is emitted either in proportion to CO directly or as a function of a pseudo-water gas shift equilibrium constant. In this work, H2 is measured over a range of equivalence ratios in a multi-cylinder diesel engine operating in a partially premixed low temperature combustion (LTC) mode using both low sulfur diesel fuel and soy-based biodiesel. Biodiesel was found to have the same bulk gas emissions of major species including H2 over the range of equivalence ratio in LTC for a constant load and combustion phasing. It also was found that the experimental H2 concentration was near the value predicted by the equilibrium constant for equivalence ratios greater that 0.9 but was increasingly lower for leaner points.

Investigation of Hydrogen Emissions in Partially Premixed Diesel Combustion

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Northrop ◽  
Lucas M. Vanderpool ◽  
Praveen V. Madathil ◽  
Dennis N. Assanis ◽  
Stanislav V. Bohac
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Constant ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Premixed Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Low Sulfur

Partially premixed combustion strategies offer many advantages for compression ignition engines. One such advantage for those operating on diesel fuels is the simultaneous reduction in soot and NOx achievable over a wide range of equivalence ratios. Though often not measured in engine experiments, gaseous H2 is a byproduct of incomplete combustion and can be useful for the regeneration of aftertreatment devices. Correlations for the exhaust concentration of H2, mostly derived from experiments with homogeneous spark ignition engines, indicate that it is emitted either in proportion to CO directly or as a function of a pseudowater gas shift equilibrium constant. In this work, H2 is measured over a range of equivalence ratios in a multicylinder diesel engine operating in a partially premixed low temperature combustion (LTC) mode using both low sulfur diesel fuel and soy-based biodiesel. Biodiesel was found to have the same bulk gas emissions of major species including H2 over the range of equivalence ratio in LTC for a constant load and combustion phasing. It also was found that the experimental H2 concentration was near the value predicted by the equilibrium constant for equivalence ratios greater that 0.85 but was increasingly lower for leaner points.

Comparison of Filter Smoke Number and Elemental Carbon Mass From Partially Premixed Low Temperature Combustion in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Northrop ◽  
Stanislav V. Bohac ◽  
Jo-Yu Chin ◽  
Dennis N. Assanis
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Soot Mass ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Premixed Low Temperature Combustion

Partially premixed low temperature combustion (LTC) is an established advanced engine strategy that enables the simultaneous reduction of soot and NOx emissions in diesel engines. Measuring extremely low levels of soot emissions achievable with LTC modes using a filter smoke meter requires large sample volumes and repeated measurements to achieve the desired data precision and accuracy. Even taking such measures, doubt exists as to whether filter smoke number (FSN) accurately represents the actual smoke emissions emitted from such low soot conditions. The use of alternative fuels such as biodiesel also compounds efforts to accurately report soot emissions since the reflectivity of high levels of organic matter found on the particulate matter collected may result in erroneous readings from the optical detector. Using FSN, it is desired to report mass emissions of soot using empirical correlations derived for use with petroleum diesel fuels and conventional modes of combustion. The work presented in this paper compares the experimental results of well known formulas for calculating the mass of soot using FSN and the elemental carbon mass using thermal optical analysis (TOA) over a range of operating conditions and fuels from a four-cylinder direct-injection passenger car diesel engine. The data show that the mass of soot emitted by the engine can be accurately predicted with the smoke meter method utilizing a 3000 ml sample volume over a range of FSN from 0.02 to 1.5. Soot mass exhaust concentration calculated from FSN using the best of the literature expressions and that from TOA taken over all conditions correlated linearly with a slope of 0.99 and R2 value of 0.94. A primary implication of the work is that the level of confidence in reporting the soot mass based on FSN for low soot formation regimes such as LTC is improved for both petroleum diesel and biodiesel fuels.

Comparison of Filter Smoke Number and Elemental Carbon Mass From Partially Premixed Low Temperature Combustion in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Northrop ◽  
Stanislav V. Bohac ◽  
Dennis N. Assanis ◽  
Jo-Yu Chin
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Soot Mass ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Premixed Low Temperature Combustion

Partially premixed low temperature combustion (LTC) is an established advanced engine strategy that enables the simultaneous reduction of soot and NOX emissions in diesel engines. Measuring extremely low levels of soot emissions achievable with LTC modes using a filter smoke meter requires large sample volumes and repeated measurements to achieve the desired data precision and accuracy. Even taking such measures, doubt exists as to whether filter smoke number (FSN) accurately represents the actual smoke emissions emitted from such low soot conditions. The use of alternative fuels such as biodiesel also compounds efforts to accurately report soot emissions since the reflectivity of high levels of organic matter found on the particulate matter collected may result in erroneous readings from the optical detector. Using FSN, it is desired to report mass emissions of soot using empirical correlations derived for use with petroleum diesel fuels and conventional modes of combustion. The work presented in this paper compares the experimental results of well known formulae for calculating mass of soot using FSN and elemental carbon mass using thermal optical analysis (TOA) over a range of operating conditions and fuels from a four cylinder direct injection passenger car diesel engine. The data show that the mass of soot emitted by the engine can be accurately predicted with the smoke meter method utilizing a 3000 ml sample volume over a range of FSN from 0.02 to 1.5. Soot mass exhaust concentration calculated from FSN using the best of the literature expressions and that from the TOA taken over all conditions correlated linearly with a slope of 0.99 and R2 value of 0.94. A primary implication of the work is that the level of confidence in reporting soot mass based on FSN for low soot formation regimes like LTC is improved for both petroleum diesel and biodiesel fuels.

An Investigation on the Performance of an Oxidation Catalyst Using Two-dimensional Simulation with Detailed Reaction Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeharsh Nair ◽  
Mayank Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detailed Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Surface Reaction Kinetics

AbstractThe advent of stricter emission standards has increased the importance of aftertreatment devices and the role of numerical simulations in the evolution of better catalytic converters in order to satisfy these emission regulations. In this paper, a 2-D numerical simulation of a single channel of the monolith catalytic converter is presented by using detailed surface reaction kinetics aiming to investigate the chemical behaviour inside the converter. The model has been developed to study the conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of propene (C3H6) for low-temperature combustion (LTC) engine application. The inhibition effect of C3H6 over a wide range of CO inlet concentrations is investigated. Considering both low and high levels of CO concentration at the inlet, the 2-D model predicted better results than their corresponding 1-D counterparts when compared with the experimental data from literature. It was also observed that C3H6 inhibition at high temperatures was significant, particularly for high concentrations of CO compared to low concentrations of CO at the inlet.

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