Three-Dimensional Analysis of Double Rivet-Row Lap Joints: Part II — Countersunk Rivets

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Iyer ◽  
C. A. Rubin ◽  
G. T. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Stress Concentration Factors ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Abstract Three-dimensional finite element analysis of an elastic, double rivet-row, aluminum alloy lap joint with countersunk, aluminum and steel rivets, is presented. Relations between the connection compliance, rivet deformation, peak contact pressures and slip amplitudes, in the absence of interference and clamp-up, are described. Analysis of a connection with non-countersunk rivets is presented in a companion paper. The trends seen in the results are similar to those obtained with non-countersunk rivets, although the peak stress concentrations in the present case are much higher. A superposition approach for estimating stress concentration factors in the panels of multi-row riveted connections with standard or countersunk rivets is presented.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Double Rivet-Row Lap Joints: Part I — Non-Countersunk Rivets

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Iyer ◽  
C. A. Rubin ◽  
G. T. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Contact Pressures

Abstract Three-dimensional finite element analysis of an elastic, double rivet-row, aluminum alloy lap joint with non-countersunk aluminum rivets, is presented. The compliance of the connection, rivet tilt, peak contact pressures and slip amplitudes, in the absence of interference and clamp-up, are described. Rivet-panel slips in the double-row assembly are between 50–60% of those calculated for the single-row case. Contrary to the expectation that the second row of rivets might reduce the stress concentration factor by half, the additional row of rivets provides a reduction of only 28%.

Three-Dimensional Analyses of Single Rivet-Row Lap Joints — Part II: Elastic-Plastic Response

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Iyer ◽  
C. A. Rubin ◽  
G. T. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Abstract Three-dimensional finite element analyses of an elastic-plastic, single rivet-row, aluminum lap joint are presented and compared with previous results for linear elastic models. The calculations treat non-countersunk aluminum and steel rivets, 3 different configurations of countersunk rivets as well as two values of the friction coefficient. The compliance of the connection, rivet tilt, the stresses in the panels, peak plastic strains and the contact pressures and slip amplitudes at the rivet-panel and panel-panel interfaces are evaluated. The transverse, axial, and shear stress distributions and the stress concentrations generated in four different rivets are derived from the linear elastic models and related to the rivet geometry. Laboratory measurements of the lap joint compliance and local out-of-plane displacements that support the reliability of the finite element analyses are presented.

Influence of Interference and Clamping on Fretting Fatigue in Single Rivet-Row Lap Joints

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Iyer ◽  
C. A. Rubin ◽  
G. T. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fretting Fatigue ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Fretting Damage

Primary fretting fatigue variables such as contact pressure, slip amplitude and bulk cyclic stresses, at and near the contact interface between the rivet shank and panel hole in a single rivet-row, 7075-T6 aluminum alloy lap joint are presented. Three-dimensional finite element analysis is applied to evaluate these and the effects of interference and clamping stresses on the values of the primary variables and other overall measures of fretting damage. Two rivet geometries, non-countersunk and countersunk, are considered. Comparison with previous evaluations of the fretting conditions in similar but two-dimensional connections indicates that out-of-plane movements and attending effects can have a significant impact on the fatigue life of riveted connections. Variations of the cyclic stress range and other proponents of crack initiation are found to peak at distinct locations along the hole-shank interface, making it possible to predict crack initiation locations and design for extended life.

Use of Sub-Modeling Techniques to Calculate Peak Stresses in Bolt Head-to-Shank Fillet Radius

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Smith ◽  
Stephen J. Speicher
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

There is an ever-increasing use of three-dimensional finite element models in the field of structural analysis to simulate structural response of complex geometries. Although these models are effective in simulating gross structural behavior, they are oftentimes not able to include sufficient detail to simulate small structural details where stress concentrations can occur. To overcome this limitation, sub-models can be used to calculate stresses in areas of peak stress. This paper discusses the process involved in calculating peak stresses in bolt head-to-shank interfaces using sub-modeling methods.

Three-Dimensional Analyses of Single Rivet-Row Lap Joints — Part I: Elastic Response

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Iyer ◽  
C. A. Rubin ◽  
G. T. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Contact Pressures

Abstract Three-dimensional finite element analyses (FEA) of an elastic, single rivet-row, aluminum alloy lap joint are presented. The effects of rivet geometry (countersinking), rivet material and interfacial friction coefficient are examined. Interference and lateral clamping are not treated. Panels loaded in tension with vacant, tapered holes are also examined. Load transfer through the joint, the joint compliance, rivet-tilt, the local slips at rivet-panel and panel-panel interfaces, contact pressures and local stresses are evaluated. Relations between these features and the contact and bending driven stress concentration are clarified. The work shows that the stress concentration factor, rivet-panel slips, peak stresses, contact pressures and rivet deformation are all related, and increase with the severity of the countersink. Panel bending, rivet tilt and countersinking introduce large, out-of-plane stress gradients and shift the peak stresses to the interior surface of the countersunk panel. The results demonstrate the importance of out-of-plane distortions in accounting for the behavior of the riveted lap joints. Three opportunities are identified for improving lap joint performance without increasing the weight.

Finite Element Analysis of Perforated Plates Containing Triangular Penetration Patterns of 5 and 10 Percent Ligament Efficiency

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Perforated Plates ◽  
Vessel Closure ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Two- and three-dimensional finite element models were used to determine elastic stress distributions in plate ligaments for various in-plane, bending, and thermal loadings. Plates containing triangular penetration patterns of 5 and 10 percent ligament efficiency were analyzed as well as the example of a circular plate containing a single centrally placed hole subjected to step change in temperature on one surface. Detailed descriptions of boundary conditions are given with the results presented in terms of stresses important in tubesheet and vessel closure design considerations. Results show that the minimum ligament section of the perforated region need not be the critically stressed cross section as is currently assumed in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Further, a thermal shock ΔT applied to the surface of a perforated region will result in a maximum peak stress of EαΔT/(1−ν) and may be significantly lower than the thermal skin stress calculated by the ASME Code procedures.

Modeling of Pillowing Stress in Corroded Lap Joints

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 2139-2143
Author(s):  
Da Zhao Yu ◽  
Yue Liang Chen ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Wen Lin Liu ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Based on chemical composition of the corrosion product, a mathematical model was developed to predict the extent of the pillowing deformation of lap joints of LY12CZ in term of thickness inside the joint. The model can offer the capability for predicting the extent of corrosion within the joint in terms of thickness loss at the internal surfaces of the skins from the amplitude of the pillowing of the outer skin. Three-dimensional finite element model of a bolted joint have been developed in the non-linear finite element code MSC.Marc and attempts were made to validate it by comparing results with the mathematical model. The results show that corrosion pillowing can significantly increase the stress in a lap joint for material loss below the detection limit of current nondestructive inspection techniques, thus increasing the risk of premature cracking. In addition, the analyses show that the locations of maximum stress of lap joint will change with the material loss increases. Simulating the effect of corrosion on lap joint only by reducing the panel thickness will result in neoconservative life estimates if corrosion pillowing is ignored.

Bolt Head Fillet Stress Concentration Factors in Cylindrical Pressure Vessels

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowri Srinivasan ◽  
Terry F. Lehnhoff
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
Stress Concentration Factors ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Circle Diameter ◽  
Maximum Stresses

Linear three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) was performed on bolted pressure vessel joints to determine maximum stresses and stress concentration factors in the bolt head fillet as a result of the prying action. The three-dimensional finite element models consisted of a segment of the flanges containing one bolt, using cyclic symmetry boundary conditions. The flanges were each 20 mm in thickness with 901.7 mm inner diameter. The outer flange diameter was varied from 1021 to 1041 mm in steps of 5 mm. The bolt circle diameter was varied from 960.2 to 980.2 mm in steps of 5 mm. The bolts used were 16-mm-dia metric bolts with standard head and nut thickness. The threads were not modeled. The internal vessel pressure was 0.6895 MPa (100 psi). Stress concentration factors in the bolt head fillet were calculated, and they ranged from 3.34 to 4.80. The maximum stress in the bolt as well as the stress concentration factors in the bolt head fillet increase with an increase in bolt circle diameter for a given outer flange dimension. Keeping the bolt circle diameter constant, bolt stress and stress concentration factors in the bolt head fillet decrease with increase in outer flange diameter. The maximum stresses in the bolt were also calculated according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the Verein Deutscher Ingenieur (VDI) guidelines and compared to the results observed through finite element analysis. The stresses obtained through FEA were larger than those predicted by the ASME and VDI methods by a factor that ranged between 2.96 to 3.41 (ASME) and 2.76 to 3.63 (VDI).

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