Three-Dimensional Analyses of Single Rivet-Row Lap Joints — Part I: Elastic Response

Contact Pressures

Abstract Three-dimensional finite element analyses (FEA) of an elastic, single rivet-row, aluminum alloy lap joint are presented. The effects of rivet geometry (countersinking), rivet material and interfacial friction coefficient are examined. Interference and lateral clamping are not treated. Panels loaded in tension with vacant, tapered holes are also examined. Load transfer through the joint, the joint compliance, rivet-tilt, the local slips at rivet-panel and panel-panel interfaces, contact pressures and local stresses are evaluated. Relations between these features and the contact and bending driven stress concentration are clarified. The work shows that the stress concentration factor, rivet-panel slips, peak stresses, contact pressures and rivet deformation are all related, and increase with the severity of the countersink. Panel bending, rivet tilt and countersinking introduce large, out-of-plane stress gradients and shift the peak stresses to the interior surface of the countersunk panel. The results demonstrate the importance of out-of-plane distortions in accounting for the behavior of the riveted lap joints. Three opportunities are identified for improving lap joint performance without increasing the weight.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Double Rivet-Row Lap Joints: Part I — Non-Countersunk Rivets

10.1115/imece2001/de-25102 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

K. Iyer ◽

C. A. Rubin ◽

G. T. Hahn

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lap Joints ◽

Lap Joint ◽

Double Row ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Single Row ◽

Contact Pressures

Abstract Three-dimensional finite element analysis of an elastic, double rivet-row, aluminum alloy lap joint with non-countersunk aluminum rivets, is presented. The compliance of the connection, rivet tilt, peak contact pressures and slip amplitudes, in the absence of interference and clamp-up, are described. Rivet-panel slips in the double-row assembly are between 50–60% of those calculated for the single-row case. Contrary to the expectation that the second row of rivets might reduce the stress concentration factor by half, the additional row of rivets provides a reduction of only 28%.

Influence of Interference and Clamping on Fretting Fatigue in Single Rivet-Row Lap Joints

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.1352746 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 123 (4) ◽

pp. 686-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

K. Iyer ◽

C. A. Rubin ◽

G. T. Hahn

Keyword(s):

Crack Initiation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Fretting Fatigue ◽

Cyclic Stress ◽

Lap Joints ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Fretting Damage

Primary fretting fatigue variables such as contact pressure, slip amplitude and bulk cyclic stresses, at and near the contact interface between the rivet shank and panel hole in a single rivet-row, 7075-T6 aluminum alloy lap joint are presented. Three-dimensional finite element analysis is applied to evaluate these and the effects of interference and clamping stresses on the values of the primary variables and other overall measures of fretting damage. Two rivet geometries, non-countersunk and countersunk, are considered. Comparison with previous evaluations of the fretting conditions in similar but two-dimensional connections indicates that out-of-plane movements and attending effects can have a significant impact on the fatigue life of riveted connections. Variations of the cyclic stress range and other proponents of crack initiation are found to peak at distinct locations along the hole-shank interface, making it possible to predict crack initiation locations and design for extended life.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part G Journal of Aerospace Engineering ◽

An Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Riveted Single Lap Joints

10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_257_02 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 208 (2) ◽

pp. 79-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C-P Fung ◽

J Smart

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Stress Concentration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Element Model ◽

Lap Joints ◽

Published Data ◽

Single Lap Joints ◽

Stress Patterns

Countersunk and snap riveted single lap joints have been examined both experimentally and numerically. A total of 11 specimens were fatigued to failure with failures occurring in either the plate or the rive***r. The failures have been metallurgically examined to determine the cause of failure. The joints have also been analysed using the finite element method. Initially a single lap joint has been modelled as a ‘stepped plate’ and the results for the stress concentration factor found to be in reasonable agreement with published data. However, the stress concentration for this joint occurred at a point away from the point of failure of a riveted joint. A fuller three-dimensional finite element model has been constructed and the stress patterns around the rivet determined. These stress patterns are discussed in relation to the results from the metallurgical examination.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J Journal of Engineering Tribology ◽

Comparisons of contact pressures of crowned rollers

10.1243/1350650001543061 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 214 (2) ◽

pp. 147-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. H. Ju ◽

T. L. Horng ◽

K. C. Cha

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Finite Element ◽

Stress Concentration ◽

Contact Surface ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Accurate Analysis ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Contact Pressures

The present work determines the contact pressure and stress concentration between the crowned roller and the raceway by using three-dimensional finite element analysis. A number of crowned profiles with various dimensions were examined. Fine meshes and node-to-Hermit-surface contact elements were used along the contact surface in order to obtain accurate analysis results. A table was generated to show the stress concentration near the roller edge for various crowned profiles and dimensions. This table indicates that the exponential profile is the optimal crowned profile to eliminate stress concentration.

Three-Dimensional Analyses of Single Rivet-Row Lap Joints — Part II: Elastic-Plastic Response

10.1115/imece1999-0614 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

K. Iyer ◽

C. A. Rubin ◽

G. T. Hahn

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lap Joints ◽

Finite Element Analyses ◽

Lap Joint ◽

Stress Concentrations ◽

Elastic Plastic ◽

Linear Elastic ◽

Abstract Three-dimensional finite element analyses of an elastic-plastic, single rivet-row, aluminum lap joint are presented and compared with previous results for linear elastic models. The calculations treat non-countersunk aluminum and steel rivets, 3 different configurations of countersunk rivets as well as two values of the friction coefficient. The compliance of the connection, rivet tilt, the stresses in the panels, peak plastic strains and the contact pressures and slip amplitudes at the rivet-panel and panel-panel interfaces are evaluated. The transverse, axial, and shear stress distributions and the stress concentrations generated in four different rivets are derived from the linear elastic models and related to the rivet geometry. Laboratory measurements of the lap joint compliance and local out-of-plane displacements that support the reliability of the finite element analyses are presented.

Modeling of Pillowing Stress in Corroded Lap Joints

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2139 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 189-193 ◽

pp. 2139-2143

Author(s):

Da Zhao Yu ◽

Yue Liang Chen ◽

Yong Gao ◽

Wen Lin Liu ◽

Yong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Finite Element ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Element Model ◽

Lap Joints ◽

Lap Joint ◽

Material Loss ◽

Internal Surfaces ◽

Based on chemical composition of the corrosion product, a mathematical model was developed to predict the extent of the pillowing deformation of lap joints of LY12CZ in term of thickness inside the joint. The model can offer the capability for predicting the extent of corrosion within the joint in terms of thickness loss at the internal surfaces of the skins from the amplitude of the pillowing of the outer skin. Three-dimensional finite element model of a bolted joint have been developed in the non-linear finite element code MSC.Marc and attempts were made to validate it by comparing results with the mathematical model. The results show that corrosion pillowing can significantly increase the stress in a lap joint for material loss below the detection limit of current nondestructive inspection techniques, thus increasing the risk of premature cracking. In addition, the analyses show that the locations of maximum stress of lap joint will change with the material loss increases. Simulating the effect of corrosion on lap joint only by reducing the panel thickness will result in neoconservative life estimates if corrosion pillowing is ignored.

A Parametric Study on Particulate Al-SiC Composite Bolted Joints

Materials, Nondestructive Evaluation, and Pressure Vessels and Piping ◽

10.1115/imece2006-13253 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samir N. Shoukry ◽

Jacky C. Prucz ◽

Gergis W. William

Keyword(s):

Load Transfer ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Closed Form Solution ◽

Lap Joints ◽

Form Solution ◽

Bolted Joints ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Sliding Interfaces ◽

The main objective of this study is to predict theoretically the stress distributions around the holes in a bolted joint made of particulate metal matrix composite and to investigate the associated load transfer efficiencies both for a single and double lap bolted joints. A three-dimensional finite element parametric model has been developed to examine the effects of various design parameters on the structural performance of such joints. The main feature of this model is explicit modeling of the sliding interfaces between the connected plates and the washers, and those between the hole and the bolt. The model response showed an excellent agreement with a closed form solution as well as experimental data. The results indicated that unsymmetric configuration of single lap joints causes bending as the load is applied, which is opposite of the double lap joints. This research quantifies the relationship between the stress developed around the hole and washer diameter, tightening pressure, and clearance between the bolt and hole. It was also observed that variations in Young's modulus have no significant effect on the stress concentration around the hole.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Double Rivet-Row Lap Joints: Part II — Countersunk Rivets

10.1115/imece2001/de-25103 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

K. Iyer ◽

C. A. Rubin ◽

G. T. Hahn

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Peak Stress ◽

Companion Paper ◽

Lap Joints ◽

Lap Joint ◽

Stress Concentrations ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Stress Concentration Factors ◽

Abstract Three-dimensional finite element analysis of an elastic, double rivet-row, aluminum alloy lap joint with countersunk, aluminum and steel rivets, is presented. Relations between the connection compliance, rivet deformation, peak contact pressures and slip amplitudes, in the absence of interference and clamp-up, are described. Analysis of a connection with non-countersunk rivets is presented in a companion paper. The trends seen in the results are similar to those obtained with non-countersunk rivets, although the peak stress concentrations in the present case are much higher. A superposition approach for estimating stress concentration factors in the panels of multi-row riveted connections with standard or countersunk rivets is presented.

Shear Stress Discontinuities in Adhesive Joints

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.758 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1088 ◽

pp. 758-762

Author(s):

Xiao Cong He

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Stress Concentration ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Adhesive Layer ◽

Adhesive Joints ◽

Shear Stress Distribution ◽

Element Analysis ◽

This paper deals with the stress discontinuities in shear stress distribution of adhesive joints. The three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) software was used to model the joints and predict the shear stress distribution along the whole beam. The FEA results indicated that there are stress discontinuities existing in the shear stress distribution within adhesive layer and adherends at the lower interface and the upper interface of the boded section. The numerical values of the shear stress concentration at key locations of the joints and the stress concentration ratio are discussed.

Fatigue Assessment of Dented Rigid Risers

Volume 5B: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems ◽

10.1115/omae2019-96741 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elvis J. O. Santander ◽

Bianca Pinheiro ◽

Carlos Magluta ◽

Ney Roitman

Keyword(s):

Stress Concentration ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Element Model ◽

Oil Fields ◽

Concentration Factors ◽

Stress Concentration Factors ◽

Remaining Fatigue Life

Abstract In the development of oil fields, submarine pipelines are used in various applications. These pipelines and risers are subject to accidents that may occur during operation, such as shocks between risers or shocks between a riser and an anchor, rock, or any equipment or heavy object, which may cause mechanical failure, such as dents. The objective of this work is to study of the effect of the introduction of plain dents on the structural integrity of rigid risers under fully reversed bending. A three dimensional finite element model was developed to estimate the stress concentration on dented risers under bending. Several numerical simulations were carried out to evaluate stress concentration factors (SCFs) for varying dimensions of dents and risers, in a parametric study. These SCFs can be used in the prediction of the remaining fatigue life of dented rigid risers.