A Low-Cost, Two-Axis, Precision Robot for Automated Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization Assays

Genetics research often relies on experiments that require repetitive, time-consuming handling of small volumes of liquid (1 mL) and biomass (10–20 μL) such as fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), β-galactosidase staining, immunohisto chemistry, skeletal and tunel assays. Often manual, these experiments are time intensive and error-prone. We report on the design, fabrication, and testing of a low-cost, two-axis, precision robot for FISH assays on whole mice embryos. The robot can complete 20 successive embryo immersions in unique isothermal solutions in minutes for 6 samples. Repeatability of the orthogonal axes is 66 and 214 μm, near the measurement uncertainty limit and sufficient for operation. Accuracy is achieved by systematic error compensation. Low-cost and precision are obtained using design and manufacturing techniques and processes, resulting in a cost of 15% of comparable instruments (e.g., InsituStain, Intavis Bioanalytical Instruments). This design demonstrates a simple, automated platform to perform a typically manual experimental genetics technique.