Application of Wind and Small Hydro Energy Sources for Rural Electric Power Supply in Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyi Jimoh ◽  
Yusuf Jibril ◽  
Muhammed Bashir Mu’azu
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Electrical Loads

The paper looks into the possibilities of using available renewable resources in rural areas for electric power generation for remote consumers. Based on meteorological data (the hourly wind speed) collected and analyzed for Dapchi, a north eastern rural settlement of Nigeria, coupled with hydrological data of River Kamadougu Gena, the hourly power produced from a hybrid power system comprising of wind and small hydro power systems is evaluated and considered as a supply source to electrical loads of the settlement.

Hybrid Photovoltaic-Diesel Energy System Optimization (Case Study of Electric Power Supply for Buildings under the Weather Conditions of Montenegro)

2014 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Radovic ◽  
Vera Murgul ◽  
Nikolai Vatin ◽  
Ekaterina Aronova
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Continuous Power

The article deals with the concept of solar photovoltaic systems use in power supply systems. An analysis of local solar resources potential has been carried out, and optimal orientation points of radiant heat absorbing photovoltaic panels have been chosen to achieve maximum energy performance. Simulation of electric power systems having different configurations has been implemented using the software program Homer. It has been stated that a combination of solar and diesel energy systems is considered to be an optimal solution under the weather conditions of Montenegro. The systems working together make it possible to reduce maintenance costs significantly and adjust capacity generation schedule with due account for energy consumption features to a maximum extent. This allows generating electric power at less cost and results in a more reliable and continuous power supply without failures for a consumer chosen.

Micro-Hydro Power Systems: Current Status and Future Research in Pakistan

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed A. Chattha ◽  
Mohammad S. Khan ◽  
Anwar ul-Haque
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Custom Made

The total installed electric power capacity of Pakistan is about 20,000 MW. Pakistan is currently facing a power deficit of about 4,000 MW. This deficit is creating huge difficulties for the consumers as electrical power load shedding has become a norm in all over the country. Currently only about 33% of the total power is being produced by hydro sources and major electric power is still produced by burning oil and gas. The hydro potential of Pakistan is estimated to be about 41 GW, out of which 1,290 MW can be generated by micro-hydro systems. These potential off grid micro-hydro systems are very essential for the consumers living in the remote areas of Pakistan and may be installed on canals and water falls which are abundant in the remote areas. This paper discusses the potential and the status of installed of hydro power systems in Pakistan. Cross flow turbines are being manufactured in Pakistan and are usually quite successful for micro-hydro systems. However, cross flow turbines are not suitable for majority of the prospective site conditions. Furthermore, custom made conventional turbines are not mass produced and for the micro-hydro systems, standard centrifugal pumps may be used as turbines. These centrifugal pumps are easily available in the market at comparatively much lower cost and shorter delivery periods. A pump was installed at a suitable site for generation of electricity, while running in turbine mode. It was initially estimated that the Pump as Turbine, PaT would be able to generate about 70 kW of power based on the available flow rate and head parameters at the site. Currently only half of that power is being generated by the PaT, under study. Efforts are underway to rectify the problems being faced and improve the power generation capacity of the installed unit. This paper discusses the problems associated with the use of PaT and measures being undertaken to make it feasible for the use of micro-hydro systems. Two major issues; draft tube design and presence of trash in the canal water, responsible for performance deterioration have been discussed in this paper.

Application of Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithms in Electric Power Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 1292-1341
Author(s):  
N.I. Voropai ◽  
A. Z. Gamm ◽  
A. M. Glazunova ◽  
P. V. Etingov ◽  
I. N. Kolosok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Heuristic Optimization ◽  
State Variables ◽  
State Equations ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear Programming

Optimization of solutions on expansion of electric power systems (EPS) and their control plays a crucial part in ensuring efficiency of the power industry, reliability of electric power supply to consumers and power quality. Until recently, this goal was accomplished by applying classical and modern methods of linear and nonlinear programming. In some complicated cases, however, these methods turn out to be rather inefficient. Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms often make it possible to successfully cope with arising difficulties. State estimation (SE) is used to calculate current operating conditions of EPS using the SCADA measurements of state variables (voltages, currents etc.). To solve the SE problem, the Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ESI of SB RAS) has devised a method based on test equations (TE), i.e. on the steady state equations that contain only measured parameters. Here, a technique for EPS SE using genetic algorithms (GA) is suggested. SE is the main tool for EPS monitoring. The quality of SE results determines largely the EPS control efficiency. An algorithm for exclusion of wrong SE calculations is described. The algorithm using artificial neural networks (ANN) is based on the analysis of results of the calculation performed solving the SE problem with different combinations of constants. The proposed procedure is checked on real data.

scholarly journals Challenges for Future Flexible Electric Power Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ali Feliachi
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Storage

This paper describes some of the challenges that face the operation of future electric power systems. These systems are becoming more flexible and agile. Their physical structures and connections are continuously changing as microgrids, electric vehicles, and other generation and storage devices are connected/disconnected from the grid, which result in new challenges for the operation, management, and control of the systems of the future that incorporate active participation of the consumers, and high penetration of intermittent nature renewable resources such as wind and solar.

Application of Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithms in Electric Power Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 564-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I. Voropai ◽  
A. Z. Gamm ◽  
A. M. Glazunova ◽  
P. V. Etingov ◽  
I. N. Kolosok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Heuristic Optimization ◽  
State Variables ◽  
State Equations ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear Programming

Optimization of solutions on expansion of electric power systems (EPS) and their control plays a crucial part in ensuring efficiency of the power industry, reliability of electric power supply to consumers and power quality. Until recently, this goal was accomplished by applying classical and modern methods of linear and nonlinear programming. In some complicated cases, however, these methods turn out to be rather inefficient. Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms often make it possible to successfully cope with arising difficulties. State estimation (SE) is used to calculate current operating conditions of EPS using the SCADA measurements of state variables (voltages, currents etc.). To solve the SE problem, the Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ESI of SB RAS) has devised a method based on test equations (TE), i.e. on the steady state equations that contain only measured parameters. Here, a technique for EPS SE using genetic algorithms (GA) is suggested. SE is the main tool for EPS monitoring. The quality of SE results determines largely the EPS control efficiency. An algorithm for exclusion of wrong SE calculations is described. The algorithm using artificial neural networks (ANN) is based on the analysis of results of the calculation performed solving the SE problem with different combinations of constants. The proposed procedure is checked on real data.

Hydro Power and Turbine Systems Reviews

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Elbatran ◽  
Mohamed Walid Abdel-Hamed ◽  
O. B. Yaakob ◽  
Yasser M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Power Scale ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Pumped Storage ◽  
Run Of River

Hydropower energy is one of the most suitable and efficient source of renewable energy which depends on more than century of experience for this issue. The power capacity and facility are two criteria required for the classification of hydropower plant. The first one consists of five technologies: dammed reservoir, run of river, pumped storage, in stream technology and new technology gravitational vortex.  The other one is classified according to power scale is Large, Small, Mini, Micro and Pico Hydropower. Nowadays most of rural areas in developed and developing countries use the hydropower plant for producing electricity, it is cheap and effective. This paper gives a review of hydropower technologies and turbines; it is focusing on the categories and performance of hydro power systems and the most suitable turbines which can be used.

Justification of methods for calculating electrical loads life support systems for the affected population and rescue units during field deployment

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
V. A. Sednev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Temporary Accommodation

Introduction. Over the past twenty years, the most severe natural and man-made disasters have occurred in various regions of the country and the world, as a result of which people were deprived of housing. The increase in the number, scale and duration of the consequences of emergencies related to the violation of the conditions of normal living of people requires the creation of temporary field accommodation points for the affected population, which create and serve rescue formations. At the same time, in the complex of tasks aimed at the life support of the population and rescue units in field temporary accommodation facilities, their electric power supply plays an important role. However, the established practice of calculating the electrical loads of stationary objects by methods based on data on separate electrical receivers makes it difficult to determine them for a field temporary location of people due to the lack of reliable information on its electrical receivers, which leads to significant errors in calculations, irrational composition of the electrical supply system and the use of its elements against the background of restrictions in the use of local energy resources and infrastructure facilities, which themselves may experience difficulties with reliable power supply due to the limited capacity of local power systems. The purpose of the study. Electric power supply and electric power safety of field temporary accommodation points of the affected population and rescue units, ensuring the required reliability of electric power supply, maximizing its efficiency in conditions of possible resource constraints and minimizing the influence of the uncertainty factor when planning power consumption. Research methods. The main provisions of the calculation of electrical loads, systems theory, set theory, probability theory and the apparatus of mathematical statistics. The results of the study. A methodology has been developed that allows to justify the power consumption of a temporary field accommodation facility for people, while the construction of its life support power supply system is carried out in accordance with the available consumers, taking into account their composition, area and other factors affecting the organization of the power supply system and the construction of consumers. Conclusion. The scientific and methodological approach to the choice of methods for calculating the electrical loads of the life support system of the affected population and rescue units during field deployment is substantiated, which also allows to resolve the contradiction between the need to organize the power supply of their life support and the lack of reasonable standards of power consumption of life support facilities and methods of their calculation. Key words: temporary field accommodation, life support, electric energy consumers, electric power supply, organization.

Smoothing the Metropolis Electric Power Consumption Daily Schedule with Mass Use of Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1402-1405
Author(s):  
Alexander Tavlintsev ◽  
Maria Shorikova ◽  
Sergey Yuferev
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Electric Power Consumption ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Daily Schedule ◽  
Charging Stations

In connection with the increasing fuel costs and decreasing incomes during the crisis electric vehicles are becoming more and more popular with drivers. With mass growth of using the electrical vehicles a possibility of transmission congestion can take place. While charging the vehicle by means of residential distribution there is a risk of facing electric power supply degradation and local accident conditions in grids. One of the basic current problems is that of the load curve irregularity, i.e. the existence of the peak hours and minimums in demand of the electric power. In its turn the load curve irregularity can cause unacceptable frequency oscillations in power systems. The development of charging station systems will lead to the increasing of the morning and evening demand of the electric power. It requires key investments in generators designing and improving the distribution networks, which in its turn will cause limitations in the number of charging stations and the electric vehicles expansion. Cost differentiation depending upon charging duration time can become an incentive to use charging stations during the periods of the minimum electric power consumption. A possibility of the electric vehicles usage as a means of smoothing the electric power consumption daily schedule is shown in the article. The evaluation of rationality of the electric vehicles integration as a power component in the network was made as well.

scholarly journals Optimisation of hybrid micro-grid system for LTE base station

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sempe Thom Leholo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Simulation Results

This study explores the prospect of powering a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) base transceiver station (LTE BTS) with a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) in the rural areas of South Africa. The focus of the study is on harnessing the inherent advantage in HRES which in return reduces the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and operational costs associated with a Diesel Generator (DG) used to power LTE BTS in the rural areas. Moreover, the HRES will help with enhancing stability, reliability, and sustainability of electric power supply to fulfil the required LTE BTS loads. Hence, the proposed HRES consists of Photovoltaic (PV) system, Wind Turbine (WT), a Fuel Cell (FC), Hydrogen Tank (HT), electrolyser, converter, and a Battery Storage (BS) back-up. In addition, the Hybrid Optimisation of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software coupled with Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) software tool were selected for the simulation processes of the HRES. There are two sensitive variables that were inputted into the written codes and available HOMER tool. This was done in order to achieve an optimal result. The two sensitive variables are the PV tilt angle and the WT hub height. Hence, the effects of the PV tilt angle and WT hub height from the PV and WT systems have been infused into the system. By having knowledge of the load requirements of the selected LTE BTS site, two distinct configurations (PV/WT/FC/BS) and (DG/BS) simulation results have been compared, respectively. The simulation results clearly showed that in comparison to the DG/BS system, the proposed PV/WT/FC/BS HRES reduced the Net Present Cost (NPC), and GHG emissions by values of 40% and 100%, respectively. It was observed that the Capacity Shortage Fraction (CSF) was less than 1%, while the other important indicator such as the Renewable Fraction (RF) was increased by 100%. It is clear that the proposed HRES would improve the electric power supply to the LTE BTS at a reduced NPC and acceptable GHG emissions, which in-turn, alleviates excessive costs and environmental effects from GHG emissions.

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