scholarly journals Feasibility of Ultrafast Doppler technique for cranial ultrasound in neonates

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Hyun Gi Kim ◽  
Jang Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Doppler Us ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Cranial Arteries

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the performances of Ultrafast Doppler ultrasound (US) with classic Doppler US, for cranial ultrasound in neonates.Materials and methods: We measured the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in neonates using both conventional and Ultrafast Doppler US and acquisition times were compared. Distal ACA branches were assessed with Ultrafast Doppler US.Results: A total of 138 neonates were included. The PSV and EDV of the cranial arteries were comparable between the two Doppler methods (PSV, 64.6-85.5 cm/s vs. 63.4-84.1 cm/s, p=0.100-0.510; EDV, 19.1-26.5 cm/s vs. 17.8-24.2 cm/s, p=0.100-0.981). The RIs of the ACA and PCA were not significantly different (0.69-0.73 vs 0.68-0.74, p=0.174-0.810). Ultrafast Doppler US required shorter acquisition times than conventional Doppler US (6.7 s vs. 11.0 s, p=0.003). The PSV and EDV of the distal ACA were higher than the proximal ACA (20.1-63.3 cm/s vs. 9.4-36.7, p<0.001) although the RI was similar (0.69 vs. 0.68, p=0.251).Conclusions: Ultrafast Doppler US provides comparable values to conventional Doppler US with shorter acquisition times. This novel imaging technique provides quantitative information and is suitable for distal cranial artery evaluation.

Doppler evaluation of the posterior cerebral artery in fetuses with transposition of great arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Ya Tan ◽  
Shi Zeng ◽  
YuShan Liu ◽  
HuaYu Tang ◽  
BaiHua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Transposition Of Great Arteries ◽  
Velocity Time Integral ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Doppler Evaluation

AbstractObjectiveTo observe Doppler ultrasound changes in the two segments of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries (TGA).MethodsThe peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and velocity-time integral (VTI) of the two segments of PCA (the first segment: PCAS1, the second segment: PCAS2) and of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were compared in TGA fetuses and normal fetuses. The abnormality rate between the PCAS1-PI and MCA-PI was compared in TGA fetuses.ResultsThe PCAS1-PI and MCA-PI were smaller in the TGA fetuses than in the controls (all P < 0.05), but the PCAS2-PI was unchanged (P > 0.05). The MCA-VTI, PCAS1-VTI, and PCAS2-VTI were larger in the TGA fetuses (all P < 0.05). In the TGA fetuses, the abnormality rate of the PCAS1-PI was significantly higher than that of the MCA-PI (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn fetuses with TGA, there were hemodynamic differences between the two segments of the posterior cerebral arteries. Moreover, PCAS1 exhibited signs of vasodilatation more obviously than did the MCA in fetuses with TGA.

Estimation of haemodynamic changes in varicocele testis and results after microsurgical sub-inguinal varicocelectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 039156032110690
Author(s):  
Satyadeo Sharma ◽  
Rajendra K Shimpi
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Doppler Study ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes

Introduction: Varicocele is among the most frequently encountered, surgically correctable causes of male infertility. Since varicocele is a primary abnormality of testicular vessels, a thorough understanding of haemodynamic changes in the microcirculation of varicocele testis is needed. Objectives: To estimate changes in the microcirculation of varicocele testis and correlate them with symptomatic and semen parameters changes before and after varicocelectomy. Material and methods: This prospective, observational study includes 47 patients of age group 18–40 years who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy during June 2016 to April 2018 at a tertiary medical institute. Testicular haemodynamic was evaluated using a colour spectral doppler study (PSV-Peak systolic velocity/ESV-End diastolic velocity/RI-Resistive index/PI-Pulsatility index). Semen analysis parameters and testicular blood flow were compared with pre-operative values. Results: RI in the capsular artery of varicocele affected testis, which was 0.61 ± 0.11 (mean ± SD), significantly reduced to 0.56 ± 0.09 (mean ± SD) in post-operative follow-up, indicating improved perfusion. Pre-operative sperm density was noted to be 15.94 ± 7.88 (mean ± SD), which improved to 28.41 ± 10.99, Progressive sperm motility from 33.81 ± 10.88 to 38.32 ± 9.21 and morphology from 36.13 ± 10.68 to 41.43 ± 9.29 on 6-month follow-ups ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Varicocele testis is associated with altered testicular haemodynamic, which insults spermatogenesis. Microsurgical varicocelectomy with testicular artery and lymphatic preservation leads to correction of this altered haemodynamic state and improves the testicular microcirculation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Penile Hemodynamics in Hypogonadal Men With Erectile Dysfunction, Having Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Efesoy ◽  
Selahittin Çayan ◽  
Erdem Akbay
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Testosterone Replacement ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Physiological Serum

Hypogonadism may cause veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD) by structural and biochemical alterations in the cavernosal tissue. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on penile hemodynamics in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction and VOD. The study included 32 hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction, having VOD. All patients underwent penile color Doppler ultrasonography (PCDU) at the beginning and 6 months after the initial evaluation. Erectile function was evaluated with the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5); hypogonadism was evaluated by testosterone measurement and the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale. All patients received transdermal testosterone 50 mg/day for 6 months. Clinical and radiological findings were compared before and 6 months after the TRT. The mean age was 58.81 ± 4.56 (52–69) years. Mean total testosterone levels were 181.06 ± 39.84 ng/dL and 509.00 ± 105.57 ng/dL before and after the therapy, respectively ( p < .001). While all patients had physiological serum testosterone levels (>320 ng/dL) after the therapy, three cases (9.3%) had no clinical improvement of hypogonadism symptoms. Cavernosal artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI) significantly increased, and end diastolic velocity (EDV) significantly decreased after TRT. VOD no longer existed in 21 (65.6%) of the cases. This study demonstrated that TRT may restore penile hemodynamics in hypogonadal men with VOD.

scholarly journals Role of Duplex Color Doppler Study of Uterine Artery in the Early Diagnosis of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Sohely Sultana ◽  
Tarana Yasmin ◽  
Md Nazir Uddin Mollah ◽  
Shyamal Kumar Roy ◽  
Mohammad Sazzad Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Doppler Study ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Doppler Indices

Background: Duplex Colour Doppler Sonography is gaining increasing popularity for assessment of blood vessels in various disease processes around the world as well as for the surveillance of fetus compromised by intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and to assess foetal structural abnormalities and complex disease processes. Materials & methods: This cross sectional study was carried out to observe Doppler wave form in subjects with preeclampsia enrolling 40 subjects with preeclampsia, in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of six months from 20th May 2012 to 19th November 2012. A total number of 40 normal pregnancies were also included for comparison. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), Resistive index (RI), Pulsatility index (PI) in different groups of study subjects from 24th to 37th weeks were observed and compared for any significant differences. Results: Majority (35% in normal and 37.5% in preeclampsia) of the respondents were found in the age group of 21-30 years. Unpaired t-test revealed no significant difference between mean age between two groups. Among normal group, mean±SD PSV, EDV, PI and RI were 43.94±15.41 cm/sec and 15.51 (±4.93) cm/sec, 1.12±0.0846 and 0.571 (±0.058) respectively. Mean PSV, EDV, PI and RI were 83.19±18.44 cm/sec, 11.86±5.19 cm/sec, 2.497±0.369 and 0.8255±0.087 in preeclampsia group. There was statistically significant (By unpaired ttest) difference in mean Doppler indices between these two groups. It was observed that early diastolic notch was found in 90% subjects with preeclampsia. Early diastolic notch was observed in Doppler wave form in 5% subject with normal pregnancy. Chi-square test showed that there was statistically significant difference in presence of early diastolic notch between normal subjects and subjects with preeclampsia. Conclusions: From the study result it was concluded that Doppler indices with presence of early diastolic notch are reliable indicators for early detection of preeclampsia. J MEDICINE JUL 2019; 20 (2) : 87-91

scholarly journals Correlation of progression of diabetic retinopathy with the alterations in retrobulbar circulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sood ◽  
Subina Narang ◽  
S Kocchhar ◽  
S Sarda ◽  
S Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Group I

Introduction: Color Doppler Imaging (CDI) is used widely to study retrobulbar circulation. Objectives: To determine the association between progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and alterations in retrobulbar arterial circulation using CDI studies. Materials and methods: Prospective observational case series. It is single institutional study of 50eyes of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in 50 patients with type II diabetes mellitus. DR was graded according to ETDRS system. Retrobulbar circulation was studied in patients for Peak systolic velocity (PSV), End diastolic velocity (EDV) and Resistive index (RI) in Central retinal artery (CRA), Ophthalmic artery (OA) and Posterior ciliary artery (PCA) using CDI initially and reevaluated after 6 months or later for any change in retinopathy grade and arterial circulation parameters. The patients were grouped as Group I not showing progression of DR and Group II showing progression. The two groups were compared for any significant change in CDI parameters. Results: The baseline resistive indices were higher than normal population. There was significant increase in RI in PCA and CRA in all patients after 6 months. 14 patients (28%) showed progression of DR and 36 (72%) did not show progression of DR. There was no significant association with progression of retinopathy and CDI findings. (p=>0.05). Conclusion: The retrobulbar arterial circulation seems to be affected in all diabetics with DR. The changes appear to be progressive. The CDI findings in arterial circulation however lack predictive power for progression of diabetic retinopathy in non proliferative DR. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(10): 147-153 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8705

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of the arteries of Willis Polygon

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Huseyin Canaz ◽  
Murat Arslan ◽  
Husniye Hacıoglu ◽  
Mehmet Tokmak ◽  
Gokhan Canaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Intracranial Tumour ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Fresh Cadaver ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Flow Gradients

Abstract Objective: Willis polygon forms the basis of the arterial circulation of the cerebrum. Willis polygon is a vascular structure whom variations are not rare. Knowledge of the anatomy and preservation of its integrity is crucial for performing neurovascular surgery and intracranial tumour surgery. Because of the important vascular and neurological structures, approaches to this region are considered extremely risky. One of the main variations in-person basis is the diameter differences of the arteries, which forms Willis polygon, between the left and right hemispheres. About structure and variations, studies of Rhoton and Yasargil had formed the touchstone. Our aim is to contribute to the literature and clinical studies, to be done in the future, by comparing our results with previous studies about variations and morphometric features of Willis polygon. Methods: Arteries of 30 fresh cadaver brains were examined during autopsies in T.C. Ministry of Justice Istanbul Forensic Science Institute. Bilaterally anterior cerebral artery A1 segment lengths, distance between anterior communicating artery-callosomarginal artery outputs, posterior cerebral artery P1 segment lengths were measured using a digital calliper. After dissections and measures, photos of the region were taken and vascular anatomy and variations noted. From every single cerebrum samples were obtained from bilaterally A1, A2, callosomarginal artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior communicant artery, P1 and basilar artery. Samples were fixed by using 10% buffered-formalin. Taken samples were transported to Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy Laboratory. Samples were examined and interior diameters were measured under the microscope. Results: Our results with artery diameters and lengths were similar with literature. Different from literature, in anterior cerebral artery A1 segment, posterior cerebral artery P1 segment and posterior communicant artery no aplasia were noted. In 50% of the samples, callosomarginal artery were originate from A2 segment. In one case, we observed left and right pericallosal arteries were joined together at the end of the A2 segment and continued as a single pericallosal artery. We could not find any information about this variation in the literature. Conclusion: Before surgical operations, detailed knowledge of Willis polygon and evaluation of the pre-op cerebral angiography considering possible variations, reduce mortality and morbidity ratios. In addition, because of the role of flow gradients of Willis polygon in aneurysm formation, and in terms of better understanding the collateral circulation which is important in vascular occlusive diseases and vascular surgery, we believe, more anatomic studies about this region needed.

Influence of Smoking Cigarettes on Cerebral Blood Flow Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kochanowicz ◽  
Jolanta Lewko ◽  
Robert Rutkowski ◽  
Grzegorz Turek ◽  
Andrzej Sieskiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: While chronic cigarette smoking can lead to increased risk of stroke, the acute effects of smoking have not been established. We studied the changes in blood flow parameters in the major cerebral arteries caused by smoking one cigarette. Method: Using transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS), we studied the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and the internal carotid artery (ICA) of 36 healthy male volunteers before and after they smoked one cigarette. Results: Blood flow velocity increased to a different degree in all but one of the arteries examined after participants smoked a single cigarette: The end diastolic velocity increased significantly by 7.8% in the PCA, 8% in the ACA, and 14.4% in the MCA. The peak systolic velocity increased significantly by 7.5% in the MCA. Blood flow velocity remained unchanged in the ICA only. Blood pressure and heart rate increased as did the flow velocity ratio for the MCA/ICA. The pulsatility index decreased after smoking from 0.92 ± 0.13 to 0.87 ± 0.14 in the MCA, 0.93 ± 0.15 to 0.87 ± 0.13 in the ACA, and 0.95 ± 0.17 to 0.89 ± 0.16 in the PCA. Conclusions: The results suggest that the direct effect of smoking on cerebral circulation includes peripheral vasodilatation with possible constriction of the main trunk of the basal cerebral arteries.

scholarly journals A review of endovascular treatment for medium vessel occlusion stroke

2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017321
Author(s):  
Johanna Maria Ospel ◽  
Mayank Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Clear Guideline ◽  
Being There

Medium-vessel occlusions (MeVOs), that is, occlusions of the M2/3 middle cerebral artery, A2/3 anterior cerebral artery, and P2/3 posterior cerebral artery segments, account for 25%–40% of all acute ischemic stroke cases. Clinical outcomes of MeVO stroke with intravenous thrombolysis, which is the current standard of care, are moderate at best. With improving imaging technologies and a growing literature, MeVOs are increasingly recognized as a target for endovascular treatment (EVT). For the time being, there is limited but promising evidence for the safety and efficacy of MeVO EVT, and many neurointerventionists are already routinely offering EVT for MeVO stroke, despite the lack of clear guideline recommendations. In this article, we review the evidence on endovascular treatment for MeVO stroke and summarize the available literature on current imaging strategies, commonly used EVT selection criteria, EVT techniques, and outcome assessment for MeVO stroke.

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