Under pressure: predation risk defining mating investment in matured spider mite Tetranychus urticae

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1359-1372
Author(s):  
Matheus S. Rocha ◽  
Lívia A. Celada ◽  
Everton N. L. Rodrigues ◽  
Luiz E. Costa-schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Investment Behavior ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Mating Performance

The emergence of anti-predatory strategies for prey survival are ruled by the minimization of the encounters/interactions with potential predators, but at the same time by maximizing the access to limiting resources such as food or mating partners. Cues indicating predatory activity influence decision-making activities in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, such as dispersion, foraging activities, and reproductive effort.  However, anti-predatory strategies studied in spider mites generally considers mainly the female perspective (e.g. oviposition), leaving a gap in how T. urticae couples deal with predatory risk. Here, through laboratory experiments, we observed that matured spider mite couples were only affected by predation risk during the pre-copulatory stages of the mating process, especially when deciding to proceed in a mating opportunity. The mating performance of individuals was independent of their exposure to predation risk, suggesting that couples would adopt full investment behavior after opting to proceed in a mating attempt. Though our working hypothesis predicted predation risk interference throughout the entire mating process, we conclude that decision-making activities by spider mite during pre-copulatory stages act independently from copulatory stages associated to insemination.

scholarly journals The role of phenols in the influence of herbal extracts from Salvia officinalis L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. on two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tomczyk ◽  
Magdalena Suszko
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

The role of phenols in the influence of herbal extracts fromSalvia officinalisL. andMatricaria chamomillaL. on two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticaeKochExtracts prepared from 2 medicinal herbs (common sageSalvia officinalisL. and German chamomileMatricaria chamomillaL.) were used in this study for biological control of spider mites. Their effect on mortality, fecundity, and development ofTetranychus urticaeKoch on English ivy (Hedera helixL.) was studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The extracts were prepared by soaking freshSalvialeaves or dryMatricariaflowers in ethanol for 24 h, followed by evaporation, and finally suspension of the pellets in water. Full extracts and extracts without phenols were tested. TheSalviaextracts had a higher acaricidal activity thanMatricariaextracts, but the toxicity of both extracts to spider mite eggs was low. The toxic effect of fullSalviaextracts on larval stages and females ofT. urticaewas evident. More than 50% of larvae and females were killed by this treatment in 4 days. Besides, total fecundity of survived females was evidently lower. Mortality and low fecundity after fullSalviaextract application decreased the spider mite population by 76%. The toxicity ofSalviaextracts after removal of phenols strongly declined, so the negative effect of the fullSalviaextract on spider mites was connected with a high concentration of phenolic compounds. The toxic effect ofMatricariaextracts in all tests was much lower and no evident role of phenolic compounds in its extracts was observed.

scholarly journals Varying abundance and dispersal of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836, Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) on Mi-tomato plants differing in allelic combination

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Godzina ◽  
Małgorzata Kiełkiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Szymczykiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Allelic Combination ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Varying abundance and dispersal of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticaeKoch, 1836, Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) onMi-tomato plants differing in allelic combinationIt is well known that the presence of theMi-1.2gene determines the resistance of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicumL.) to 3 root-knot nematode species and some insect herbivores of the order Hemiptera. In this study, the density and dispersal of two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) on tomato plants of 4 cultivars were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, to find out whether tomatoes differing in allelic combination of theMi-1.2gene exhibit similar or different resistance to the mite pest. The results show, for the first time, that the same initial number of mites develops into populations that vary in abundance and distribution depending on tomato allelic composition of theMi-1.2gene. The results indicate that the mite-pest develops more slowly on tomato plants of cultivar ‘Motelle’, carrying 2 dominant alleles for theMi-1.2gene, than on heterozygous ‘Altess F1’ tomatoes and both cultivars carrying only recessive alleles of this gene: ‘Moneymaker’ and ‘Plaisence F1’. This suggests that theMi-1.2gene may be involved in tomato resistance against spider mites when this dominant gene is expressed homozygously, but this needs to be verified by further research.

scholarly journals Results of the Single Release Efficacy of the Predatory Mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on a Hop Plantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Matej Vidrih ◽  
Anja Turnšek ◽  
Magda Rak Cizej ◽  
Tanja Bohinc ◽  
Stanislav Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

In 2015, we studied the efficiency of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) for suppression of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae in a field experiment at a hop plantation. We randomly arranged four treatments in a three-block experiment. Fungicides were used in all treatments; insecticides were used in all treatments except the predatory mite treatment and acaricides were used in only two treatments. A single inundative release of the mite N. californicus was carried out on 4 July. On four different dates (10 June, 17 July, 29 July and 9 August), we counted the eggs and the mobile stages (larvae, nymphs and adults) of the two-spotted spider mite in all four treatments. In the treatment with the predatory mite, we established the fewest eggs and mobile stages of T. urticae 14 days after the release of the predator. The selected acaricides in our research acted in a primarily ovicidal manner, but we did not detect satisfactory effects on the mobile stages of the two-spotted spider mite. This result suggests the emergence of resistance of two-spotted spider mites to the acaricides hexythiazox and abamectin. Our research established comparable effects of the predatory mite N. californicus and acaricides, and further improvement of the efficiency would require release of the natural enemy into a hop plantation in mid-June, followed by a second release three weeks later. The costs of acaricide use in our experiment were from 12.7-fold (two sprayings of hexythiazox, and a single spraying with abamectin) to 17.8-fold (single treatments of hexythiazox and abamectin) lower than those of a single release of the biological control agent in question. The results of our study represent a starting point for future research, which could achieve satisfactory results in suppressing two-spotted spider mites on a hop plantation by repeated use of the predatory mite N. californicus.

scholarly journals Strawberry genotypes with resistance to Tetranychus urticae mediated by leaf trichomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende ◽  
Renato Barros de Lima Filho ◽  
Luana Karolline Ribeiro ◽  
Jéssica Vanessa Wosniak Corrêa ◽  
Cleber Daniel de Goes Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Leaf Trichomes ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

ABSTRACT The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is the main pest encountered in strawberry cultivation in protected environments, causing damage and increasing the cost of production associated with chemical control. Breeding programs are essential for obtaining new cultivars that are more tolerant to two-spotted spider mites. The objective was to evaluate whether the leaf trichomes mediatethe resistance of intraspecific strawberry hybrids to two-spotted spider mites. Preselected hybrids were subjected to infestation by two-spotted spider mites and evaluated via the no-choice assay and the travel test. Resistance was correlated with the density of trichomes, both glandular and non-glandular, present on the surface of the leaflets of strawberry genotypes. The results indicated that there is an influence of hybrids and cultivars on the behavior of the pest, allowing the verification of the existence of resistant genotypes (RVDA#16, RVCS#44 and Camino Real). These treatments resulted in low numbers of eggs deposited and hatched compared with the other treatments and shorter distances traveled by two-spotted spider mites on the surface of leaflets. It was also verified that the glandular trichomes presented a significant negative correlation with the average distance traveled by two-spotted spider mites on the surface of the leaf discs, indicating that these structures alter the behavior of these arthropods. Genotype resistance was associated with the presence of glandular trichomes. In addition to the superiority of the agronomic and postharvest attributes of the preselected hybrids (RVDA#16 and RVCS#44) identified in the previous selection efforts, they proved to be promising materials for achieving resistance to the spider mite, revealing important genotypes for use as cultivars and particularly as parents in breeding programs.

Repellency and Repulsiveness of Selected Agrichemicals to the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) on Grape Foliage

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Walsh ◽  
Gary G. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Leaf Disk ◽  
Plant Canopies ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Spray Adjuvants

Leaf disk and whole leaf bioassays were conducted to evaluate the repellency and repulsiveness of selected fungicides, insecticides, spray adjuvants, and petroleum-derived spray oils (PDSO) to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Compounds were evaluated for their ability to stimulate the movement of T. urticae from treated to nontreated grape tissue (repellency) and to inhibit their movement from untreated to treated tissue (repulsiveness). All insecticides other than Bacillus thuringiensis and some fungicides were highly repellent. Several insecticides and fungicides, and all spray adjuvants, were highly repulsive. We conclude that many agrichemicals are irritating to two-spotted spider mites and may impact their spatial dynamics within plant canopies. Accepted for publication 7 November 2005. Published 28 December 2005.

scholarly journals Silicon builds resilience in strawberry plants against both strawberry powdery mildew Podosphaera aphanis and two-spotted spider mites Tetranychus urticae

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0241151
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Keith Davies ◽  
Avice Hall
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Spectrum Control ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Silicon is found in all plants and the accumulation of silicon can improve plant tolerance to biotic stress. Strawberry powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis) and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) are both detrimental to strawberry production worldwide. Two field trials were done on a UK commercial strawberry farm in 2014 and 2015, to assess the effects of silicon nutrient applied via the fertigation system on P. aphanis and T. urticae. The silicon treatments decreased the severity of both P. aphanis and T. urticae in two consecutive years on different cultivars. The percentage leaf area infected with P. aphanis mycelium from silicon treated plants were 2.19 (in 2014) and 0.41 (in 2015) compared with 3.08 (in 2014) and 0.57 (in 2015) from the untreated plants. The etiology of the pathogen as measured by the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve from silicon (with and without fungicides) treatments was 152.7 compared with 217.5 from non-silicon (with and without fungicides) treatments for the overall period of 2014–2015. The average numbers of T. urticae recorded on strawberry leaves were 1.43 (in 2014) and 1.83 (in 2015) in plants treated with silicon compared with 8.82 (in 2014) and 6.69 (in 2015) in untreated plants. The silicon contents of the leaves from the silicon alone treatment were 26.8 μg mg-1 (in 2014) and 22.2 μg mg-1 (in 2015) compared with 19.7 μg mg-1 (in 2014) and 21.4 μg mg-1 (in 2015) from the untreated. The silicon nutrient root application contributed to improved plant resilience against P. aphanis and T. urticae. Silicon could play an important role in broad spectrum control of pests and diseases in commercial strawberry production.

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