Kinetics of ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulation in the liver, skin, and tumor of a rat model

Nuclear magnetic line widths data have been used to determine the rate of solvent exchange between the coordination sphere of Fe(III)-protoporphyrin(IX)dimethylester or Fe(III)-tetraphenylporphyrin and the bulk phase of 1-methylimidazol/chloroform. At temperatures below 322 K both porphyrins are in the low-spin state and separate PMR absorption caused by the methyl protons of two 1-methylimidazol molecules complexed in fifth and sixth position of ferri-porphyrins is detected. At T ≳ 320 K an accelerated exchange of these ligands was observed and the underlying kinetic parameters have been extracted. It was found that this exchange takes place when the paramagnetic species is in its low-spin state. For 240 K ≲ T ≲ 290 K dynamic line broadening of bulk phase 1-methylimidazol indicates occurrence of chemical exchange attributed to 1-methylimidazol interacting with ferri-porphyrin in addition to the strongly bound axial ligands.

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Influence of Light Exposure on the Kinetics of Protoporphyrin IX Formation in Normal Skin of Hairless Mice After Application of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Methyl Ester

Journal of Investigative Dermatology ◽

10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23863.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 125 (5) ◽

pp. 1039-1044 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Johan Moan ◽

LiWei Ma ◽

Vladimir Iani ◽

Asta Juzeniene

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Protoporphyrin Ix ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Hairless Mice ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Kinetics Of

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Response of Liverwort Cells to Peroxidizing Herbicides

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1992-0613 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 47 (5-6) ◽

pp. 394-399

Author(s):

Shuji Iwata ◽

Naoko Nakayama ◽

Shunji Nakagawara ◽

Yoshimoto Ohta ◽

Takaharu Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Growth ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Early Treatment ◽

Protoporphyrin Ix ◽

Cell Suspension Cultures ◽

Exponential Phase ◽

Marchantia Polymorpha ◽

Late Exponential Phase ◽

Kinetics Of

Cell suspension cultures of the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha L. were found useful to study the influence of peroxidizing herbicides either on the greening process or on the fully green cells. The cells of both physiological stages exhibit a characteristic sensitivity to the herbicides. The sensitivity increased rapidly during the exponential phase of growth, reached a maximum during the late exponential phase, and then decreased in the stationary phase. We investigated the kinetics of accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in Marchantia cells treated with several peroxidizing herbicides at various stages of cell growth, and observed a correlation between accumulation of PPIX and herbicidal damage. The glutathione (GSH) content in the cell was also investigated to examine the role of GSH against herbicide treatment. In the light, GSH levels in the cells treated with AFM rose rapidly reaching a peak after 8 h, and rapidly decreased subsequently. The beginning of PPIX accumulation coincided with the decline of GSH after 8 h of treatment. Obviously, GSH plays a key role in protection against oxidative damage caused by AFM in the early treatment period. In the dark, AFM also induced an accumulation of GSH and PPIX, followed by a decline in GSH and PPIX contents during a 20 h incubation. The decline of PPIX was observed several hours after GSH starts to decrease, remaining at a constant level for the following 40 h, leading to accumulation of an other fluorescent still-unknown pigment.

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Substituting Citrate for Lactate in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid Improves Ultrafiltration in Rats

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686080902900106 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 36-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nicola Cavallini ◽

Anders Wieslander ◽

Magnus Braide

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Peritoneal Cavity ◽

Rat Model ◽

Indwelling Catheter ◽

Citrate Concentration ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽

Short Time ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Dose Dependent

Background Exposure to peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid induces an inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity. Blockers of complement and coagulation have improved ultrafiltration in animal models of PD. Citrate is a clinically established anticoagulant that also blocks complement activation. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects on ultrafiltration of a gradual substitution of citrate for lactate in an experimental model of PD. Methods Fractions (0, 5, 10, and 15 mmol/L) of the 40 mmol/L lactate buffer of filter-sterilized 2.5% glucose PD fluid were replaced by citrate. The modified fluids were compared in a rat model of single PD fluid exposure through an indwelling catheter. The initial kinetics of citrate and ionized calcium were evaluated in separate, single, short time dwell experiments. Results Replacing 10 and 15 mmol/L of the lactate buffer by sodium citrate significantly increased osmotic ultrafiltration (by 24.7% ± 7.7% at 10 mmol/L), net ultrafiltration, and glucose retention at 4 hours of dwell time in the rat model. Osmotic ultrafiltration was significantly correlated to citrate concentration and glucose concentration. Citrate was rapidly eliminated from the peritoneal cavity, concentrations falling to less than half in 1 hour and concentrations of calcium ions concomitantly normalized. Conclusions Substituting citrate for lactate induced a dose-dependent increase in ultrafiltration. Mechanisms probably involve the relation between diffusion and ultrafiltration, leading to increased glucose retention. The increase in ultrafiltration was quantitatively important at a citrate concentration (10 mmol/L) that is compatible with clinical applications of citrate.

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