Effect of pre- and post- device calibration on physiological parameters for single fiber reflectance measurements

Since the introduction of commercial Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopic systems in 1983, IR microscopy has developed as an important analytical tool in research, industry and forensic analysis. Because of the frequent encounter of small quantities of physical evidence found at crime scenes, spectroscopic IR microscopes have proven particularly valuable for forensic applications. Transmittance and reflectance measurements have proven very useful. Reflection-absorption, specular reflection, and diffuse reflection have all been applied. However, it has been only very recently that an internal reflection (IRS) objective has been commercially introduced.The IRS method, also known as attenuated total reflection (ATR), has proven very useful for IR analysis of standard size samples. The method has been applied to adhesive tapes, plastic explosives, and general applications in the analysis of opaque materials found as evidence. The small quantities or uncontaminated areas of specimens frequently found requiring forensic analysis will often be directly applicable to microscopic IRS analysis.

Download Full-text

Polarized microbeam FT-IR analysis of single fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163496 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 206-207

Author(s):

Liling Cho ◽

David L. Wetzel

Keyword(s):

Molecular Orientation ◽

Transition Point ◽

Polymer Fibers ◽

Single Fiber ◽

Wire Grid ◽

Polyester Fibers ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Wire Grid Polarizer

Polarized infrared microscopy has been used for forensic purposes to differentiate among polymer fibers. Dichroism can be used to compare and discriminate between different polyester fibers, including those composed of polyethylene terephthalate that are frequently encountered during criminal casework. In the fiber manufacturering process, fibers are drawn to develop molecular orientation and crystallinity. Macromolecular chains are oriented with respect to the long axis of the fiber. It is desirable to determine the relationship between the molecular orientation and stretching properties. This is particularly useful on a single fiber basis. Polarized spectroscopic differences observed from a single fiber are proposed to reveal the extent of molecular orientation within that single fiber. In the work presented, we compared the dichroic ratio between unstretched and stretched polyester fibers, and the transition point between the two forms of the same fiber. These techniques were applied to different polyester fibers. A fiber stretching device was fabricated for use on the instrument (IRμs, Spectra-Tech) stage. Tension was applied with a micrometer screw until a “neck” was produced in the stretched fiber. Spectra were obtained from an area of 24×48 μm. A wire-grid polarizer was used between the source and the sample.

Download Full-text

Usefulness of single fiber EMG in monitoring neuromuscular transmission disorders induced by drugs and toxins

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/s0013-4694(97)88070-8 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

P Girlanda

Keyword(s):

Neuromuscular Transmission ◽

Single Fiber

Download Full-text

First-Person Experiments in Thinking

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 189-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Renatus Ziegler ◽

Ulrich Weger

Keyword(s):

Physiological Parameters ◽

The Self ◽

First Person ◽

Psychological Phenomena ◽

Third Person ◽

Current Article ◽

Thinking Process ◽

Mental Contents

Abstract. In psychology, thinking is typically studied in terms of a range of behavioral or physiological parameters, focusing, for instance, on the mental contents or the neuronal correlates of the thinking process proper. In the current article, by contrast, we seek to complement this approach with an exploration into the experiential or inner dimensions of thinking. These are subtle and elusive and hence easily escape a mode of inquiry that focuses on externally measurable outcomes. We illustrate how a sufficiently trained introspective approach can become a radar for facets of thinking that have found hardly any recognition in the literature so far. We consider this an important complement to third-person research because these introspective observations not only allow for new insights into the nature of thinking proper but also cast other psychological phenomena in a new light, for instance, attention and the self. We outline and discuss our findings and also present a roadmap for the reader interested in studying these phenomena in detail.

Download Full-text