Modeling closed‐set phoneme and open‐set word recognition by multi‐channel cochlear implant users

1999 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 2177-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted A. Meyer ◽  
Mario A. Svirsky ◽  
Stefan Frisch ◽  
Adam R. Kaiser ◽  
David B. Pisoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Open Set

Performance of Some of the Better Cochlear-Implant Patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Brian C. J. Moore ◽  
Francis K. Kuk
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Environmental Sound ◽  
Sound Perception ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Wide Range

The main purpose of this study was to provide an independent corroboration of open-set word recognition in some of the better cochlear-implant patients. These included the Chorimac, Nucleus (one group from the U.S.A. and one group from Hannover, Germany), Symbion, Duren/Cologne and 3M/Vienna implants. Three experiments are reported: (1) word recognition in word lists and in sentences; (2) environmental sound perception, and (3) gap detection. On word recognition, the scores of 6 Chorimac patients averaged 2.5% words and 0.7% words in sentences correct in the French tests. In the German tests, the scores averaged 17% words and 10% words in sentences for 10 Duren/Cologne patients, 15% words and 16% words in sentences for 9 3M/Vienna patients, and 10% words and 16% words in sentences (3% to 26%) for 10 Nucleus/Hannover patients. In the English tests, the scores averaged 11% words and 29.6% words in sentences for l0 Nucleus-U.S.A. patients, and 13.7% words and 35.7% words in sentences for the 9 Symbion patients. The ability to recognize recorded environmental sounds was measured with a closed set of 18 sounds. Performance averaged 23% correct for Chorimac patients, 41% correct for 3M/Vienna patients, 44% correct for Nucleus/Hannover patients, 21% correct for Duren/Cologne patients, 58% correct for Nucleus/U.S.A. patients, and 83% correct for Symbion patients. A multidimensional scaling analysis suggested that patients were, in part, utilizing information about the envelope and about the periodic/aperiodic nature of some of the sounds. Gap detection thresholds with a one-octave wide noise centered at 500 Hz varied widely among patients. Typically, patients with gap thresholds less than 40 ms showed a wide range of performance on speech perception tasks, whereas patients with gap-detection thresholds greater than 40 ms showed poor word recognition skills.

Performance Over Time of Congenitally Deaf and Postlingually Deafened Children Using a Multichannel Cochlear Implant

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Fryauf-Bertschy ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Danielle M. Kelsay ◽  
Bruce J. Gantz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Northwestern University ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Over Time

The speech perception performance of 10 congenitally deaf and 3 postlingually deafened children who received the Cochlear Corporation multichannel cochlear implant was examined and compared. The children were tested preimplant and at 6-month intervals up to 2 years using the Monosyllable-Trochee-Spondee test (MTS), the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification test (WIPI), and Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten (PB-K) or Northwestern University List 6 (NU-6) word lists. The postlingually deafened children exhibited significantly improved performance on open- and closed-set tests of word recognition after 6 months of implant use, a pattern similar to that of postlingually deafened adult implant users. In contrast, the congenitally deaf children did not exhibit measurably improved performance on speech perception tests until after 12 months or more of implant use. With as much as 18–24 months of use, however, some congenitally deaf children demonstrated limited open-set word recognition.

A Picture Identification Task as an Estimate of the Word-Recognition Performance of Nonverbal Adults

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Wilson ◽  
June K. Antablin
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Test Word ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Northwestern University ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Picture Identification

The Picture Identification Task was developed to estimate the word-recognition performance of nonverbal adults. Four lists of 50 monosyllabic words each were assembled and recorded. Each test word and three rhyming alternatives were illustrated and photographed in a quadrant arrangement. The task of the patient was to point to the picture representing the recorded word that was presented through the earphone. In the first experiment with young adults, no significant differences were found between the Picture Identification Task and the Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 materials in an open-set response paradigm. In the second experiment, the Picture Identification Task with the picture-pointing response was compared with the Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 in both an open-set and a closed-set response paradigm. The results from this experiment demonstrated significant differences among the three response tasks. The easiest task was a closed-set response to words, the next was a closed-set response to pictures, and the most difficult task was an open-set response. At high stimulus-presentation levels, however, the three tasks produced similar results. Finally, the clinical use of the Picture Identification Task is described along with preliminary results obtained from 30 patients with various communicative impairments.

Initial Iowa Results with the Multichannel Cochlear Implant from Melbourne

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Mary W. Lowder ◽  
Steven R. Otto ◽  
John P. Preece ◽  
Bruce J. Gantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Correct Recognition ◽  
Open Set Condition ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Implant Tests ◽  
Vowel Recognition ◽  
First 90 Days ◽  
Speech Tracking

Two subjects who use the Melbourne multichannel cochlear implant were studied. Live-voice word, consonant, and vowel recognition tests, and a speech-tracking task were administered at regular intervals during the first 90 days after implantation. Results indicated 30-50% correct recognition of vowels (given 9 alternatives) and about 30-60% correct recognition of consonants (given 12 alternatives). Speech tracking showed from two to three times faster rates with the implant and vision compared to a vision-alone condition. After 3-4 months of implant experience, a number of recorded tests from the Minimal Auditory Capabilities battery and the Iowa Cochlear-Implant tests were then administered. These results indicated about 80% recognition of everyday sounds in a five-choice closed-set condition and about 50% recognition of everyday sounds in an open-set condition. The subjects were 50% correct at identifying the accented words in a sentence and about 50% correct at determining the number of syllables in a word. One subject was unable to recognize a sentence as a statement or a question. Background noise (+10 dB S/N) reduced their performance on a four-choice spondee test to chance. Both subjects were able to identify a sound as either a voice or a modulated noise at 95% correct, and both could recognize speaker sex at 95% correct. Neither could discriminate whether two (successive) sentences were spoken by the same speaker or by two different speakers. Remarkably, one subject identified 45% and the other 85% of the words in sentences that were preceded by a contextual picture using sound alone. One subject identified 13% of the words in sentences in sound alone even without contextual information.

scholarly journals Late Cochlear Implantation in Early-Deafened Adults: A Detailed Analysis of Auditory and Self-Perceived Benefits

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joke Debruyne ◽  
Miranda Janssen ◽  
Jan Brokx
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Auditory Performance ◽  
Perceived Outcomes ◽  
Speech Tracking

Objectives: It is known that early-deafened cochlear implant (CI) users are a very heterogeneously performing group. To gain more insight into this population, this study investigated (1) postoperative changes in auditory performance over time based on various outcome measures, focusing on poor performers, (2) self-perceived outcomes, (3) relations between auditory and self-perceived outcomes, and (4) preimplantation factors predicting postoperative outcomes. Methods: Outcomes were assessed prospectively in a group of 27 early-deafened, late-implanted CI users, up to 3 years after implantation. Outcome measures included open-set word and sentence recognition, closed-set word recognition, speech tracking and a questionnaire on self-perceived outcomes. Additionally, the relative influence of 8 preimplantation factors on CI outcome was assessed with linear regression analyses. Results: Significant improvements were found for auditory performance measures and most of the questionnaire domains. Significant changes of the closed-set word test, speech tracking and questionnaire were also found for a subgroup of poor performers. Correlations between auditory and self-perceived outcomes were weak and nonsignificant. Preoperative word recognition and preoperative hearing thresholds, both for the implanted ear, were significant predictors of postoperative outcome in the multivariable regression model, explaining 63.5% of the variation. Conclusions: Outcome measurement in this population should be adjusted to the patients’ individual performance level and include self-perceived benefit. There is still a need for more knowledge regarding predictors of CI outcomes in this group, but the current study suggests the importance of the preoperative performance of the ear to be implanted.

scholarly journals Using Behavioral Data to Model Open-Set Word Recognition and Lexical Organization by Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users

2000 ◽  
Vol 109 (12_suppl) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
Stefan Frisch ◽  
Ted A. Meyer ◽  
David B. Pisoni ◽  
Mario A. Svirsky ◽  
Karen Iler Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Lexical Organization ◽  
Open Set

scholarly journals Effects of Open-Set and Closed-Set Task Demands on Spoken Word Recognition

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 331-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia G. Clopper ◽  
David B. Pisoni ◽  
Adam T. Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Talker Variability ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Response Alternatives

Closed-set tests of spoken word recognition are frequently used in clinical settings to assess the speech discrimination skills of hearing-impaired listeners, particularly children. Speech scientists have reported robust effects of lexical competition and talker variability in open-set tasks but not closed-set tasks, suggesting that closed-set tests of spoken word recognition may not be valid assessments of speech recognition skills. The goal of the current study was to explore some of the task demands that might account for this fundamental difference between open-set and closed-set tasks. In a series of four experiments, we manipulated the number and nature of the response alternatives. Results revealed that as more highly confusable foils were added to the response alternatives, lexical competition and talker variability effects emerged in closed-set tests of spoken word recognition. These results demonstrate a close coupling between task demands and lexical competition effects in lexical access and spoken word recognition processes.

Multichannel Cochlear Implant: The New York University/Bellevue Experience

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 139-140
Author(s):  
N. L. Cohen ◽  
S. B. Waltzman ◽  
W. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Word List ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
New York University ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Open Set

A total of nine patients have been implanted at the New York University/Bellevue Medical Center with the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 62 years, with a mean age of 38.7 years. All were postlingually deafened with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, and were unable to benefit from appropriate amplification. Each patient was implanted with the 22-electrode array inserted into the scala tympani, using the facial recess technique. Seven of the nine patients have functioning 22-channel systems, whereas one patient has a single-channel system and one had 14 electrodes inserted because of an unsuspected obstruction in the scala tympani. All patients are regular users of the device and none have been lost to follow-up. Seven patients have completed the prescribed Nucleus training program, and two patients are in the early stages of training. All nine patients have shown a restoration of hearing sensation in response to acoustic stimuli and a recognition of a wide variety of environmental sounds. All seven patients who have completed training and are using the multichannel stimulation have shown an improvement in their vowel and consonant recognition scores when the implant is used in conjunction with lipreading. Mean speech-tracking scores for these patients show an improvement from lipreading alone to lipreading with implant of 28.8 to 60.6 words per minute. Patients also demonstrated a consistent increased ability to use suprasegmental information and to obtain closed set work recognition on portions of the Minimal Auditory Capabilities test battery. Several of the patients have shown an ability to understand significant amounts of open set speech without lipreading. Two patients can comprehend noncoded telephone conversation; one scores an average of 42% on open set speech discrimination testing and the other 20% using the W22 word list with audition only.

Cochlear Implantation in Children with Inner Ear Malformations

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audie L. Woolley ◽  
Rodney P. Lusk ◽  
Virginia Jenison ◽  
Robert S. Bahadori ◽  
Barbara S. Stroer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Inner Ear Malformations ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Ear Malformations ◽  
Csf Leaks

We performed a case study and intervention study, with follow-up of 1 to 5 years, in 4 children with inner ear malformations who underwent implantation of a multichannel cochlear implant (Nucleus, Cochlear Corporation) at ages 3 to 12 years. Malformations included a common cavity deformity, 2 incomplete partitions, and 1 case of isolated bilateral vestibular aqueduct enlargement. One child had a single-channel implant placed at 3 years of age, and this was exchanged for a 22-channel implant at age 9. One child had her implant placed at age 4.5 years, but due to complications from a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak had the initial implant removed and replaced at age 5 years during repair of the CSF leak. Intraoperative findings included a CSF leak at the time of surgery in 3 patients. One patient contracted bacterial meningitis 7 months postimplantation that was thought to be secondary to acute otitis media in the unoperated ear. Bilateral CSF leaks were noted in the middle ear by a lumbar puncture radionuclide and fluorescein dye study. Successful repair of the CSF leaks and reimplantation of the cochlear implant was carried out in this patient. Mapping and programing of the implant was found to be challenging in each of these patients. All patients demonstrated improved performance after implantation. Two patients demonstrated some open-set speech perception. One patient demonstrates improved use of temporal cues in a structured closed set. One patient has achieved no significant speech recognition at this time, but does have improved sound detection and awareness. Cochlear implantation in children with congenital inner ear abnormalities can be a successful method of rehabilitation. It should be recognized that the postoperative speech perception results may be highly variable among patients, and that intraoperative complications may occur.

scholarly journals Modeling Phoneme and Open-Set Word Recognition by Cochlear Implant Users: A Preliminary Report

2000 ◽  
Vol 109 (12_suppl) ◽  
pp. 68-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted A. Meyer ◽  
Stefan Frisch ◽  
Mario A. Svirsky ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Open Set
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