Prioritizing Sponsorship Resources in Formula One Racing: A Longitudinal Analysis

Accessing and exploiting organizational resources are essential capabilities for competitive sport organizations, particularly those engaged in motorsports, where teams lacking resources frequently dissolve. Corporate sponsorship represents a common method for resource acquisition, yet not all sponsorships equally benefit the sponsored organization. Sponsorship utility can be dependent on institutional dynamics such as league governance that produces competitive disparities. Through this study we extend the resource-based view to assert that sponsorships vary in their propensity to contribute to team survival, warranting prioritization in sponsorship strategy based on access to different sponsor resources. To empirically investigate the influence of a variety of sponsorships, survival analysis modeling was used to examine 40 years of corporate sponsorship of Formula One racing teams. One finding from the longitudinal analysis was that sponsorships offering financial or performance-based resources enhance team survival to a greater degree than operational sponsorships. However, such prioritization is subject to team experience, changes in institutional monetary allocation, and diminishing returns.

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An Instrument to Assess Customer Perceptions of Service Quality and Satisfaction in Campus Recreation Programs

Recreational Sports Journal ◽

10.1123/rsj.31.1.34 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 34-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Yong Jae Ko ◽

Donna L. Pastore

Keyword(s):

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Service Quality ◽

Customer Retention ◽

Campus Recreation ◽

Competitive Sport ◽

Sport Organizations ◽

Customer Perceptions ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Recreation Programs

To remain competitive, sport organizations are focusing more on customer retention through improved service quality and customer satisfaction. The purpose of this article is to present an instrument which can be used by campus recreation programs to determine service quality and customer satisfaction. The instrument consists of 49 service quality items and 4 satisfaction items and will assist managers of campus recreation programs in developing effective strategies to improve the quality of their services.

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The effects of prior affect and sensory stimuli on motorsport spectators’ in-the-moment experiences

International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship ◽

10.1108/ijsms-11-2016-020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 302-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kyu-soo Chung ◽

Dong Soo Ryu ◽

Seunghwan Lee

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Sport Organizations ◽

Sensory Stimuli ◽

Content Type ◽

Consumption Behavior ◽

Formula One ◽

The Moment ◽

Prior Event

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide meaningful information to sport organizations that have just recently started hosting sporting events in a new market and want to build long-term relationships with that market’s consumers. Design/methodology/approach Using self-administered questionnaires, the study surveys 463 spectators who attended the 2012 Formula One Korean Grand Prix. Findings Prior affect and existing sensory cues are crucial for spectators’ consumption behavior. Spectators’ prior event attendance plays a significant role on perceiving sensory stimuli as well as on consequent outcomes. This study also finds arousal significantly affected by seeing and hearing and prior affect. Arousal mediates the effects of these sensory stimuli and prior affect on satisfaction and revisit intention. Originality/value This study expands the knowledge on spectators’ experience at live sporting events. In addition, more dimensions of the mechanisms that are at work between cognitive elements and sensory stimuli are added to the existing knowledge of sport spectators’ behavior.

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Survival analysis, longitudinal analysis and causal inference

Lifetime Data Analysis ◽

10.1007/s10985-009-9147-z ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Odd O. Aalen

Keyword(s):

Survival Analysis ◽

Causal Inference ◽

Longitudinal Analysis

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Assessing the survival of shirt sponsorships in English football: an exchange theory perspective

Sport Business and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/sbm-10-2017-0062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 477-494

Author(s):

Jonathan A. Jensen ◽

Akash Mishra ◽

Mara Averick

Keyword(s):

Survival Analysis ◽

Sport Organizations ◽

Content Type ◽

The Past ◽

Revenue Forecasting ◽

Football Clubs ◽

Sport Industry ◽

European Football ◽

One Year ◽

English Premier League

Purpose Over the past several years, growth in sponsorship spending has surpassed that of traditional marketing and promotional approaches, as it has become an indispensable part of the marketing mix. Yet, despite considerable advances in the application of analytics across the sport industry, sponsorship revenue forecasting still largely relies on a decades-old methodology. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This research seeks to assist sport organizations by applying more advanced survival analysis methodologies to the study of shirt sponsorships of football clubs, utilizing more than 300 sponsorships of every team that has competed in the English Premier League (EPL) over the past 25 years. Findings The analysis of the lifetimes of shirt sponsorships provides several insights for those employed by European football clubs and tasked with managing these increasingly lucrative sponsorships. Notably, tests confirmed that survivor functions of EPL shirt sponsorships are significantly different than those that appeared solely in English Football League (EFL) Championship play. In addition, results found that the median lifetimes of shirt sponsorships of EPL clubs were more than one year longer, when compared to EFL clubs. Originality/value This research marks the first attempt in the literature to apply survival analysis methods to describe the lifetimes of European football shirt sponsorships. The results provide empirical evidence that the potential effects of promotion or relegation could have consequences for football clubs in the tens of millions of dollars, and illustrate the importance of providing those tasked with managing such partnerships with more advanced methodologies to assist in the organization’s sponsorship revenue forecasting activities.

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Family Matters: Dual Network Embeddedness, Resource Acquisition, and Entrepreneurial Success of Small Tourism Firms in Rural China

Journal of Travel Research ◽

10.1177/00472875211047275 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004728752110472

Author(s):

Qiucheng Li ◽

Huanzhou Zhang ◽

Mao-Ying Wu ◽

Geoffrey Wall ◽

Tianyu Ying

Keyword(s):

Business Performance ◽

Rural China ◽

Well Being ◽

Resource Acquisition ◽

Entrepreneurial Success ◽

Resource Based View ◽

Family Networks ◽

Network Embeddedness ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Practical Implications

Small tourism firms (STFs) established and operated by local families can be an engine of sustainable rural tourism. This paper stresses the intimate intertwining of family and business in rural STFs and conceptualizes their entrepreneurial success as a combination of business performance and family well-being. Integrating the resource-based view and network embeddedness theory, relationships among the STF owners’ dual social networks (family and industry networks), entrepreneurial resource acquisition, and entrepreneurial success are proposed and tested with a sample of 276 STFs in rural China. The empirical analyses reveal that (1) compared with tangible and knowledge-based resources, the owners’ acquisition of psychic resources has the strongest effect on entrepreneurial success; and (2) although industry networks provide more diverse access to entrepreneurial resources, family networks are superior in facilitating psychic resource acquisition, thus are especially important to the entrepreneurial success of rural STFs. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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Experience-Based Leadership Development and Professional Sport Organizations

Journal of Sport Management ◽

10.1123/jsm.2017-0124 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 123-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephen Frawley ◽

Daniel Favaloro ◽

Nico Schulenkorf

Keyword(s):

Leadership Development ◽

Sport Management ◽

Leadership Education ◽

Professional Sport ◽

Competitive Sport ◽

Sport Organizations ◽

Study Approach ◽

Development Framework ◽

Sport Industry ◽

Formal Leadership

In recent years, there has been a significant interest around leadership development practices within the field of management. Leadership development is particularly important within the highly competitive sport industry, where leadership performance is under constant and ever-increasing scrutiny. For sport organizations, strong leadership can be a source of significant competitive advantage, and hence, increased focus on leadership and investment into the development of talent has occurred. However, there has been a surprising lack of scholarly research into leadership and the associated processes within the sport management field, particularly from an Australian perspective. This paper addresses this gap as it examines the nature of experience-based leadership development practices within three of Australia’s leading professional sport organizations. Following a qualitative multicase study approach, the thematic analysis of 15 in-depth semistructured interviews with members of the senior executive of each case organization suggested that the national sport organizations placed significant emphasis on experience-based opportunities as a way of developing their workforce. Via the adoption of McCall’s experience-based leadership development framework, four main themes emerged: the importance of experience-based opportunities for leadership development; leadership development through involvement and exposure to experiences; networking opportunities gained from experienced-based exposure; and the relationship between on-the-job experience and formal leadership education. These findings extend our knowledge of current leadership development and practices implemented in national sport organizations and highlight the importance of effective leadership within highly competitive sport markets. Based on these findings, implications are provided for current practice illustrating the benefits that an experience-based approach to leadership development within sport organizations can have.

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