Are Body Composition, Strength, and Functional Independence Similarities Between Spinal Cord Injury Classifications? A Discriminant Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rodrigues Gomes Costa ◽  
Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro ◽  
Frederico Ribeiro Neto
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cord Injury

Context:There seems to be no consensus on which aspects better distinguish the different levels of spinal cord injury regarding body composition, strength, and functional independence.Objective:The study aimed to determine which variables better differentiate tetraplegia (TP) from paraplegia and high paraplegia (HP) from low paraplegia (LP).Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Rehabilitation hospital network.Patients:Forty-five men with spinal cord injury, n = 15 for each level (TP, HP, and LP) causing complete motor impairment (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale: A or B) were enrolled in the study.Main Outcome Measures:The 1-maximum repetition test, functional independence measure, spinal cord independence measure, and body composition (skinfold sum, body fat percentage, and body mass index) were assessed. Discriminant analysis was carried out using the Wilks lambda method to identify which strength and functional variables can significantly discriminate subjects for injury classification (TP, HP, and LP).Results:The discriminant variable for TP versus HP was body mass index and for TP versus LP was 1-maximum repetition (P ≤ .05). There were no variables that discriminated HP versus LP.Conclusions:The discriminant variables for TP versus HP and TP versus LP were body mass index and 1-maximum repetition, respectively. The results showed that HP and LP are similar for strength and functional variables.

scholarly journals Body Composition According to Spinal Cord Injury Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3911
Author(s):  
Peter Francis Raguindin ◽  
Alessandro Bertolo ◽  
Ramona Maria Zeh ◽  
Gion Fränkl ◽  
Oche Adam Itodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cord Injury

The level of injury is linked with biochemical alterations and limitations in physical activity among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), which are crucial determinants of body composition. We searched five electronic databases from inception until 22 July 2021. The pooled effect estimates were computed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was calculated using I2 statistics and the chi-squared test. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We pooled 40 studies comprising 4872 individuals with SCI (3991 males, 825 females, and 56 sex-unknown) in addition to chronic SCI (median injury duration 12.3 y, IQR 8.03–14.8). Individuals with tetraplegia had a higher fat percentage (weighted mean difference (WMD) 1.9%, 95% CI 0.6, 3.1) and lower lean mass (WMD −3.0 kg, 95% CI −5.9, −0.2) compared to those with paraplegia. Those with tetraplegia also had higher indicators of central adiposity (WMD, visceral adipose tissue area 0.24 dm2 95% CI 0.05, 0.43 and volume 1.05 L 95% CI 0.14, 1.95), whereas body mass index was lower in individuals with tetraplegia than paraplegia (WMD −0.9 kg/mg2, 95% CI −1.4, −0.5). Sex, age, and injury characteristics were observed to be sources of heterogeneity. Thus, individuals with tetraplegia have higher fat composition compared to paraplegia. Anthropometric measures, such as body mass index, may be inaccurate in describing adiposity in SCI individuals.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Body Composition Measures by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry in Patients Aged 10 to 21 Years With Spinal Cord Injury

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (sup1) ◽  
pp. S97-S104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. McDonald ◽  
Allison L. Abresch-Meyer ◽  
Mindy Dopier Nelson ◽  
Lana M. M.Widman
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cord Injury

Factors influencing body composition in persons with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2398-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Spungen ◽  
Rodney H. Adkins ◽  
Charles A. Stewart ◽  
Jack Wang ◽  
Richard N. Pierson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Total Body

To determine the body composition differences across age, 133 men with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) (66 with tetraplegia, 67 with paraplegia) were compared with an age-, height-, and ethnicity-matched able-bodied male reference population ( n = 100) using two different dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry densitometers. The effects of duration of injury, level, and completeness of lesion were analyzed in the SCI population. Independent of age, total body and regional lean mass were lower and fat mass was higher in persons with SCI compared with controls. The SCI group was 13 ± 1% (means ± SE) fatter per unit of body mass index (kg/m2) compared with the control group ( P < 0.0001). Advancing age was strongly associated with less lean mass and greater adiposity in those with SCI, whereas it was mildly related in the controls. Total body and regional arm and trunk, but not leg, lean tissues were lower in subjects with SCI, across all ages, than in the controls. In summary, persons with SCI were fatter for any body mass index and demonstrated significantly less lean and more adipose tissues for any given age compared with controls.

An observational study on body mass index during rehabilitation and follow-up in people with spinal cord injury in Denmark

Spinal Cord ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaj J. Holm ◽  
Randi Steensgaard ◽  
Lone H. Schou ◽  
Tom Møller ◽  
Helge Kasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cord Injury

Body Mass index and Mortality After Spinal Cord Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. e193
Author(s):  
Huacong Wen ◽  
Yuying Chen ◽  
Tapan Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Obesity cutoff values in Korean men with motor complete spinal cord injury: body mass index and waist circumference

Spinal Cord ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Yun ◽  
Seong-Min Chun ◽  
Ju-Chan Kim ◽  
Hyung-Ik Shin
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Long-Term Follow-up of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Figen Yilmaz ◽  
Fusun Sahin ◽  
Semra Aktug ◽  
Banu Kuran ◽  
Adem Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
American Spinal Injury Association ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the motor, sensory, and functional recovery in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods. Forty-one patients with SCI participated in this study. Twenty patients were evaluated after discharge. Each patient was evaluated by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at admission, before discharge, and at least at 6 months after discharge. Friedman, Dunn, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. Results. There were 17 male and 3 female patients. Seven patients had complete SCI, and 13 patients had incomplete SCI. The evaluation of motor, sensory, and FIM scores at admission showed significant improvement in all of the patients during the follow-up period (P < 0.0001). Five incompletely injured cases improved with regard to ASIA staging. Motor and FIM scores significantly increased at follow-up for converted and unconverted patients. All parameters increased at follow-up in patients who were complete and incomplete. Motor scores significantly increased at discharge and at follow-up. FIM scores also increased significantly at follow-up in incomplete patients. Conclusion. Motor, sensory, and FIM scores increased in patients with SCI after a follow-up period of 18 months. Improvement to a higher ASIA stage could be accomplished by 25% of the patients. Although both complete and incomplete patients recovered significantly at the follow-up period, only incompletely injured cases could convert to a higher ASIA stage.

scholarly journals Lowering body mass index cutoffs better identifies obese persons with spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 757-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
G E Laughton ◽  
◽  
A C Buchholz ◽  
K A Martin Ginis ◽  
R E Goy
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cord Injury
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