scholarly journals Fatigue’s Lack of Effect on Thigh-Muscle Activity in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Patients During a Dynamic-Landing Task

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey K. Lepley ◽  
Abbey C. Thomas ◽  
Scott G. McLean ◽  
Riann M. Palmieri-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Knee Muscle

Context:As individuals returning to activity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) likely experience fatigue, understanding how fatigue affects knee-muscle activation patterns during sport-like maneuvers is of clinical importance. Fatigue has been suggested to impair neuromuscular control strategies. As a result, fatigue may place ACLr patients at increased risk of developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA).Objective:To determine the effects of fatigue on knee-muscle activity post-ACLr.Design:Case control.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:12 individuals 7–10 mo post-ACLr (7 male, 5 female; age 22.1 ± 4.7 y; 1.8 ± 0.1 m; mass 77.7 ± 11.9 kg) and 13 controls (4 male, 9 female; age 22.9 ± 4.3 y; 1.7 ± 0.1 m; mass 66.9 ± 9.8 kg).Interventions:Fatigue was induced via repetitive sets of double-leg squats (n = 8), which were interspersed with sets of single-leg landings (n = 3), until squats were no longer possible.Main Outcome Measures:2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA was used to detect the main effects of group (ACLr, control) and fatigue state (prefatigue, postfatigue) on quadriceps:hamstring cocontraction index (Q:H CCI).Results:All subjects demonstrated higher Q:H CCI at prefatigue compared with postfatigue (F1,23 = 66.949, P ≤ .001). Q:H CCI did not differ between groups (F1,23 = 0.599, P = .447).Conclusions:The results indicate that regardless of fatigue state, ACLr individuals are capable of restoring muscle-activation patterns similar to those in healthy subjects. As a result, excessive muscle cocontraction, which has been hypothesized as a potential mechanism of posttraumatic OA, may not contribute to joint degeneration after ACLr.

scholarly journals Mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament loading during dynamic motor tasks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Nasseri ◽  
David G Lloyd ◽  
Adam L Bryant ◽  
Jonathon Headrick ◽  
Timothy Sayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

AbstractThis study determined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) force and its contributors during a standardized drop-land-lateral jump task using a validated computational model. Healthy females (n=24) who were recreationally active performed drop-land-lateral jump and straight run tasks. Three-dimensional whole-body kinematics, ground reaction forces, and muscle activation patterns from eight lower limb muscles were collected concurrently during both tasks, but only the jump was analyzed computationally, with the run included for model calibration. External biomechanics, muscle-tendon unit kinematics, and muscle activation patterns were used to model lower limb muscle and ACL forces. Peak ACL force (2.3±0.5 BW) was observed at 13% of the stance phase during the drop-land-lateral jump task. The ACL force was primarily developed through the sagittal plane, and muscle was the dominant source of ACL loading. The gastrocnemii and quadriceps were main ACL antagonists (i.e., loaders), while hamstrings were the main ACL agonists (i.e., supporters).

scholarly journals Knee Muscle Activity During Jump Landing Tasks Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Review Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Maedeh Taghizadeh Kerman ◽  
◽  
Ali Yalfani ◽  
Ahmad Ebrahimi Atri ◽  
Seyyed Hamed Mousavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Knee Muscle

Background: Changes in knee muscle activity remain years after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) surgery. However, the literature on the successful or unsuccessful recovery of lower limb muscle activation during jump landing is controversial. Objectives: The present review intended to compare the surface Electromyography (EMG) of knee muscle activity in healthy and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) groups in jump landing tasks. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched papers from 1990 to 2020 using the keywords “anterior cruciate ligament or ACL, EMG or Electromyography or Muscle activation, Landing or Jumping or Hopping”. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full text of the collected articles, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool was used for the quality assessment of the included papers. Results: The present research results suggested earlier onset muscle activity for quadriceps and hamstring in ACLR subjects, compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, the ratio of activation of quadriceps/hamstring in the ACLR group was higher than that in the healthy individuals considering the type of rehabilitation, the time elapsed from surgery, and gender. The methodological quality of the observational studies ranged from 6 to 8 out of 12 that reflects the overall quality of the methodology. Conclusion: According to this review, we can conclude that the ACLR group exhibited different neuromuscular strategies in the pre-landing phase that might increase the recurrent risk of ACL injury.

Jump Landing Strategies in Male and Female College Athletes and the Implications of Such Strategies for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Fagenbaum ◽  
Warren G. Darling
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
College Basketball ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Knee Muscle

Background: Female athletes are more likely than male athletes to injure the anterior cruciate ligament. Causes of this increased injury incidence in female athletes remain unclear, despite numerous investigations. Hypothesis: Female athletes will exhibit lower hamstring muscle activation and smaller knee flexion angles than male athletes during jump landings, especially when the knee muscles are fatigued. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight female and six male varsity college basketball athletes with no history of knee ligament injury performed jump landings on the dominant leg from a maximum height jump and from 25.4 cm and 50.8 cm high platforms under nonfatigued and fatigued conditions. Knee joint angle and surface electromyographic signals from the quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscles were recorded. Results: Women landed with greater knee flexion angles and greater knee flexion accelerations than men. Knee muscle activation patterns were generally similar in men and women. Conclusion: As compared with male college basketball players, female college basketball players did not exhibit altered knee muscle coordination characteristics that would predispose them to anterior cruciate ligament injury when landing from jumps. This conclusion is made within the parameters of this study and based on the observation that hamstring muscle activation was similar for both groups. The greater knee flexion we observed in the female subjects would be expected to decrease their risk of injury. Clinical Relevance: Factors other than those evaluated in this study need to be considered when attempting to determine the reasons underlying the increased incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries consistently observed in elite female athletes.

scholarly journals Motor Control Changes after Innovative Aquatic Proprioceptive Training in Athletes with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Voluntary Response Index Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Hajouj ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hadian ◽  
Seyed Mohsen Mir ◽  
Saeed Talebian ◽  
Salah Ghazi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Response Index ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Voluntary Response ◽  
Proprioceptive Training ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Functional Task

Objectives: The main aim of this study was to determine and compare the effects of innovative aquatic proprioceptive training plus conventional rehabilitation with conventional rehabilitation alone on voluntary response index (VRI) components in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: Forty male athletes with ACLR (18 - 35 years of age) voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly allocated into two groups. The conventional therapy group (n = 20) underwent conventional rehabilitation for ten weeks, three sessions a week. The aquatic proprioceptive training plus conventional rehabilitation (n = 20) group received the same conventional rehabilitation plus 30 sessions of innovative hydrotherapy exercises. Voluntary response index analysis was carried out to determine changes in motor control and muscle activation patterns based on electromyographic (EMG) outcome measures. Results: There was a significant difference in the magnitude (MAG) and similarity index (SI) between the two groups at all phases of the functional task (sit-stand-sit) (P < 0.05). Also, both groups showed a significant change in MAG and SI at all phases of the functional task (sit-stand-sit) after the intervention (P < 0.05). Effect size in both groups for MAG and SI at all phases of the functional task (sit-stand-sit) ranged from 2.5 to 4.61 and from 0.29 to 1.7, respectively. Conclusions: The incorporation of innovative aquatic proprioceptive training into conventional accelerated rehabilitation protocol can improve motor control by influencing muscle activation patterns.

scholarly journals Hamstring Muscle Activity After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction—A Protective Mechanism in Those Who Do Not Sustain a Secondary Injury? A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riann M. Palmieri-Smith ◽  
Meagan Strickland ◽  
Lindsey K. Lepley
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Secondary Injury ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background:Individuals who experience a subsequent ipsilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reinjury may use hazardous muscle activation strategies after primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to compare electromyograms (EMGs) of the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscles during a dynamic hopping task among individuals with a single ACL injury (ACLx1), individuals who went on to have secondary ipsilateral ACL injury (ACLx2), and individuals who have never sustained an ACL injury (ACLx0).Hypothesis:We expected that individuals who went on to experience a secondary ACL injury would use less quadriceps muscle activity as compared with individuals who experienced a single ACL injury.Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Methods:Fourteen individuals that were returned to play post-ACLR and 7 non-ACL-injured individuals participated. Individuals who had undergone an ACLR were placed into groups depending on whether they had experienced a secondary ipsilateral ACL reinjury postprimary ACLR. EMG data of the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and lateral gastrocnemius were measured during 2 phases of a single-leg dynamic hopping task: preactivity (100 ms prior to ground contact) and reactivity (250 ms post–ground contact). Processed EMG data were compared across groups using 1-way analyses of variance, with post hoc independent t tests where appropriate ( P ≤ 0.05).Results:At preactivity, ACLx1 (0.48% ± 0.2%max) was found to use significantly more hamstring activity than ACLx2 (0.20% ± 0.1%max, P = 0.018), but not than ACLx0 (0.38% ± 0.1%max, P > 0.05). At reactivity, both ACL groups were found to use less quadriceps activity than ACLx0 (ACLx1: 0.38% ± 0.1%max, P = 0.016; ACLx2: 0.40% ± 0.1%max, P = 0.033; ACLx0: 0.58% ± 0.1%max), but not than each other ( P > 0.05).Conclusion:Quadriceps muscle activity during landing was diminished in all ACL participants as compared with participants who had never sustained an ACL injury. Individuals who did not experience a secondary ipsilateral ACL reinjury (ACLx1) used greater levels of hamstring activity prior to landing.Clinical Relevance:The higher hamstring activity in patients who did not experience a secondary injury may be interpreted as a protective mechanism that is used to dynamically stabilize the reconstructed limb.

Biceps Femoris Compensates for Semitendinosus After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With a Hamstring Autograft: A Muscle Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Male Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110033
Author(s):  
Thomas Tampere ◽  
Jan Victor ◽  
Thomas Luyckx ◽  
Hannes Vermue ◽  
Nele Arnout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Tendon Autograft

Background: Rates of reinjury, return to play (RTP) at the preinjury level, and hamstring strain injuries in male soccer players after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remain unsatisfactory, due to multifactorial causes. Recent insights on intramuscular hamstring coordination revealed the semitendinosus (ST) to be of crucial importance for hamstring functioning, especially during heavy eccentric hamstring loading. Scientific evidence on the consequences of ST tendon harvest for ACLR is scarce and inconsistent. This study intended to investigate the repercussions of ST harvest for ACLR on hamstring muscle function. Hypothesis: Harvest of the ST tendon for ACLR was expected to have a significant influence on hamstring muscle activation patterns during eccentric exercises, evaluated at RTP in a population of male soccer athletes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 30 male soccer players with a history of ACLR who were cleared for RTP and 30 healthy controls were allocated to this study during the 2018-2019 soccer season. The influence of ACLR on hamstring muscle activation patterns was assessed by comparing the change in T2 relaxation times [ΔT2 (%) = [Formula: see text]] of the hamstring muscle tissue before and after an eccentric hamstring loading task between athletes with and without a recent history of ACLR through use of muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging, induced by an eccentric hamstring loading task between scans. Results: Significantly higher exercise-related activity was observed in the biceps femoris (BF) of athletes after ACLR compared with uninjured control athletes (13.92% vs 8.48%; P = .003), whereas the ST had significantly lower activity (19.97% vs 25.32%; P = .049). Significant differences were also established in a within-group comparison of the operated versus the contralateral leg in the ACLR group (operated vs nonoperated leg: 14.54% vs 11.63% for BF [ P = .000], 17.31% vs 22.37% for ST [ P = .000], and 15.64% vs 13.54% for semimembranosus [SM] [ P = .014]). Neither the muscle activity of SM and gracilis muscles nor total posterior thigh muscle activity (sum of exercise-related ΔT2 of the BF, ST, and SM muscles) presented any differences in individuals who had undergone ACLR with an ST tendon autograft compared with healthy controls. Conclusion: These findings indicate that ACLR with a ST tendon autograft might notably influence the function of the hamstring muscles and, in particular, their hierarchic dimensions under fatiguing loading circumstances, with increases in relative BF activity contribution and decreases in relative ST activity after ACLR. This between-group difference in hamstring muscle activation pattern suggests that the BF partly compensates for deficient ST function in eccentric loading. These alterations might have implications for athletic performance and injury risk and should probably be considered in rehabilitation and hamstring injury prevention after ACLR with a ST tendon autograft.

Gender Differences in Knee Kinematics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Marsh ◽  
Scott Tashman
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Tibial Rotation ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) occurs 200,000 times per year in the United States. About half of these patients opt for ACL reconstruction (ACLr), while the other half choose non-surgical, conservative treatment. ACLr has been found to result in altered kinematics, namely external tibial rotation and knee adduction, during downhill running 1. ACLr also contributes to alterations in muscle activity after surgery. Leg muscles of the affected limb are weakened and contract in different muscle activation patterns when compared to healthy, uninjured patients 2.

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