The Influence of Type of Sport and Time of Season on Athletes’ Use of Imagery

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Munroe ◽  
Craig Hall ◽  
Sharon Simms ◽  
Robert Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Field Hockey ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
General Arousal ◽  
Sport Team ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Varsity Athletes

Previous research (e.g., Barr & Hall, 1992) suggests that imagery is used differentially throughout an athlete’s competitive season. The influence of time of season (early vs. late) and type of sport (team vs. individual) on athletes’ use of imagery was examined. Male and female varsity athletes representing 10 sports completed the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (Hall, Mack, Paivio, & Hausenblas, in press) early and late in a competitive season. Results indicated that cognitive specific (CS) imagery significantly increased for fencing, field hockey, rugby, soccer, and wrestling. Motivational Specific (MS), Motivational General-Mastery (MG-M), and Motivational General-Arousal (MG-A) imagery showed a significant increase from Times 1 to 2 for rugby, soccer, and wrestling. Most sports demonstrated a significant increase in MS imagery. For all sports, except badminton, cognitive general (CG) imagery increased. Results indicate that imagery use changes during the competitive season, but this depends on the sport.

Self-Disclosure to Male and Female Coaches by Female High School Athletes

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Officer ◽  
Lawrence B. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sport Team ◽  
Varsity Athletes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Female Coaches

This investigation examined the effects of sport team membership and coach's gender on the self-disclosing behavior of high school female varsity athletes. Results indicated that the athletes disclosed the same amount to their male and female coaches and that this was less than they disclosed to either parent or to friends of either sex. Also, athletes on cross-country teams disclosed more than did those on gymnastic, volleyball, and basketball teams. Finally, patterns of disclosure to male and female coaches were found to differ. First, topics of disclosure to female coaches were concerned primarily with self-concept development and role clarification, whereas topics of disclosure to male coaches were concerned primarily with school matters and interaction with significant males. Second, although amount of disclosure to the female coach was positively correlated with the athlete's disclosure to strangers, disclosure to the male coach was positively correlated with her disclosure to friends. Implications for the coach/athlete relationship are discussed.

Dietary Status of Male and Female Triathletes During A Competitive Season

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Barbara S. McClanahan ◽  
Christopher M. Vukadinovich ◽  
Deborah L. Slawson ◽  
Kenneth D. Ward ◽  
Michelle B. Stockton
Keyword(s):  
Male And Female ◽  
Competitive Season

Attributional Consistency and Subjective Perceptions of Success

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Furst
Keyword(s):  
Personal Control ◽  
The Self ◽  
External Control ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Perceived Success ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Causal Dimension

This study investigated the attributions of successful and unsuccessful male and female distance runners given after each race during a competitive season. It was hypothesized that the 8 male and 8 female runners would be inconsistent in their support of the self-serving bias. Using the Causal Dimension Scale-II, responses showed that, as a group, the runners were consistent when coding their attributions into dimensions. When divided as to perceived success, successful runners gave more internal and stable reasons for their performance, while both groups reported high personal control and low external control.

Contribution of Meals and Snacks to Nutrient Intake of Male and Female Elite Figure Skaters During Peak Competitive Season

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula J. Ziegler ◽  
Satya S. Jonnalagadda ◽  
Judy A. Nelson ◽  
Corrinna Lawrence ◽  
Brandy Baciak
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Competitive Season

scholarly journals Establishing frequency speed of kick test classificatory tables in male and female taekwondo athletes

Kinesiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Jonatas Ferreira da Silva Santos ◽  
Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela ◽  
Emerson Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Competitive Season

Recently, the Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT10s) and its intermittent version (5 x 10s/10s intervals, FSKTmult) have been used to assess physical fitness of taekwondo athletes, but no classificatory normative table was found for these tests. Thus, the aim of the study was to present two normative classificatory tables for both the FSKT10s and FSKTmult for male and female taekwondo athletes. One hundred fifteen male taekwondo athletes (median [interquartile range] age: 20 [17;27] years; body height: 175 [170;182] cm; body mass: 67 [60;78] kg; experience time: 6 [3;10] years) and seventy female taekwondo athletes (median [interquartile range] age: 19 [(17;24] years; body height: 162 [157;169] cm; body mass: 57 [50;64] kg; experience time: 5 [3;9] years) volunteered to participate in the study. Their skills ranged between 4th gub and 2nd dan. All the participants were evaluated during their competitive period and were familiarized with this test. The classificatory tables are presented in five scales, as follows: excellent (≥95th percentile); good (>75th percentile up to 94th percentile); regular (>25th percentile up to 74th percentile); poor (>6th percentile up to 24th percentile); and very poor (≤5th percentile). The classificatory tables for FSKT10s and FSKTmult can help coaches and strength and conditioning professionals to classify performance and monitor the physical fitness of taekwondo athletes in different stages of training and during the competitive season.

scholarly journals Class Year Differences in Anthropometric and Fitness Measures in Division I Field Hockey Athletes Pre and Post Season

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8103
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Bieryla ◽  
Jeremy A. Cook ◽  
Ryan C. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Division I ◽  
First Year ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fitness Measures

The purpose of this study was to investigate the way in which anthropometric and fitness measures vary by class year before and after a Division I female field hockey competitive season. Anthropometric (mass and percent body fat) and fitness measures (vertical jump and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) distance) were collected on 16 athletes (mean ± SD: age = 19.5 ± 0.9 years) before and after a competitive season. Class year, based on the athlete’s year in college, was used to group athletes in the study. Body mass, vertical jump height, and Yo-Yo IR1 distance all increased pre to post season (p < 0.05). First-year athletes had a significantly lower body mass, vertical jump height and Yo-Yo IR1 distance compared to other class years across the testing period (p < 0.05). Post season levels for first-years were lower than both pre and post season levels for sophomore or junior athletes. Team mean vertical jump increased 8.9%, with all but two athletes improving. Team mean Yo-Yo IR1 distance increased 16.4%. Athlete training over the course of the study was designed to improve on field playing performance and training was not directly select to improve measures in the study; therefore, the potential success of integrating fitness, speed, and strength development into technical training sessions is indicated. Coaches should be aware that first-year athletes may not be at the same level of conditioning as sophomores and juniors. Coaches should work specifically with the first-year athletes during the season to monitor their fitness levels.

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