Bioinspired underwater legged robot for seabed exploration with low environmental disturbance

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
pp. eaaz1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Picardi ◽  
M. Chellapurath ◽  
S. Iacoponi ◽  
S. Stefanni ◽  
C. Laschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Data ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Environmental Disturbance ◽  
Legged Robot ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicles ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Benthic Animals

Robots have the potential to assist and complement humans in the study and exploration of extreme and hostile environments. For example, valuable scientific data have been collected with the aid of propeller-driven autonomous and remotely operated vehicles in underwater operations. However, because of their nature as swimmers, such robots are limited when closer interaction with the environment is required. Here, we report a bioinspired underwater legged robot, called SILVER2, that implements locomotion modalities inspired by benthic animals (organisms that harness the interaction with the seabed to move; for example, octopi and crabs). Our robot can traverse irregular terrains, interact delicately with the environment, approach targets safely and precisely, and hold position passively and silently. The capabilities of our robot were validated through a series of field missions in real sea conditions in a depth range between 0.5 and 12 meters.

Electron microscopy studies of plasma-sprayed materials

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
K.R. Subramanian ◽  
A.H. King ◽  
H. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Spraying ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Metallic Substrates ◽  
Hot Plasma ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plasma Sprayed ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Plasma Spraying Process

Plasma spraying is a technique which is used to apply coatings to metallic substrates for a variety of purposes, including hardfacing, corrosion resistance and thermal barrier applications. Almost all of the applications of this somewhat esoteric fabrication technique involve materials in hostile environments and the integrity of the coatings is of paramount importance: the effects of process variables on such properties as adhesive strength, cohesive strength and hardness of the substrate/coating system, however, are poorly understood.Briefly, the plasma spraying process involves forming a hot plasma jet with a maximum flame temperature of approximately 20,000K and a gas velocity of about 40m/s. Into this jet the coating material is injected, in powder form, so it is heated and projected at the substrate surface. Relatively thick metallic or ceramic coatings may be speedily built up using this technique.

Fifth Edition: the New Standard

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

On the fudging of scientific data.

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-692
Author(s):  
H. J. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Data

Warfighter Sustainability Maximizing Human Performance in Hostile Environments

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent C. Ruby ◽  
Dustin Slivka ◽  
John Cuddy ◽  
Walter Hailes
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Hostile Environments

Essays on Neurophysiology by Platon Kostyuk and His Students

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Long Time

This monograph is dedicated to the anniversary of the birth of the great Ukrainian world-famous neurophysiologist, biophysicist Academician Platon Grigoryevich Kostyuk. The monograph includes sections written by P.G. Kostyuk and his students who worked directly with him in the department or defended dissertations under his supervision. The monograph was prepared for a long time, so some authors have already passed away, like Platon Grigoryevich himself. The monograph presents memoirs and scientific data of research in modern molecular, cellular and theoretical neurophysiology and biophysics. The chapters are presented mostly in chronological order of his students’ collaboration with Kostyuk. The monograph will be especially useful for specialists in neurophysiology, biophysics, and medicine: scientists, teachers, graduate students, and students involved in biology and medicine.

Attitude Stabilization for Bending and Stretching Movement by Using Tiptoe of a One-legged Robot

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-671
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hirata ◽  
Yorinao Mizushima ◽  
Shigeto Ouchi ◽  
Nariyuki Kodani
Keyword(s):  
Legged Robot ◽  
Attitude Stabilization

Anisotropy of Nanoindentation – a tool for the determination of nanocrystal orientation ?

2003 ◽  
Vol 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Christopher ◽  
Steven Kenny ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Asta Richter ◽  
Bodo Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Scanning Force Microscopy ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Scanning Force ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

AbstractThe pile up patterns arising in nanoindentation are shown to be indicative of the sample crystal symmetry. To explain and interpret these patterns, complementary molecular dynamics simulations and experiments have been performed to determine the atomistic mechanisms of the nanoindentation process in single crystal Fe{110}. The simulations show that dislocation loops start from the tip and end on the crystal surface propagating outwards along the four in-plane <111> directions. These loops carry material away from the indenter and form bumps on the surface along these directions separated from the piled-up material around the indenter hole. Atoms also move in the two out-of-plane <111> directions causing propagation of subsurface defects and pile-up around the hole. This finding is confirmed by scanning force microscopy mapping of the imprint, the piling-up pattern proving a suitable indicator of the surface crystallography. Experimental force-depth curves over the depth range of a few nanometers do not appear smooth and show distinct pop-ins. On the sub-nanometer scale these pop-ins are also visible in the simulation curves and occur as a result of the initiation of the dislocation loops from the tip.

Some Views on Current Concerns About Pesticides

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Graham Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
World War ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Second World

There is little doubt that the introduction of modern pesticides since the end of the Second World War has enabled a significant increase in the production of many crops during the green revolution, but criticism of the use of pesticides has increased because more people are claiming that their use has resulted in unacceptable adverse impacts on the health of those applying the pesticides or who live near treated farms, as well as more general impacts on the environment. When these modern pesticides were first introduced, countries established registration requirements. These were based on scientific data at that time concerning their toxicity and persistence in the environment, and have been followed to a variable degree, depending on whether individual countries or regions had adequate facilities to assess the data presented by manufacturers.

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