Effect of a glyphosate formulation on freshwater plankton: A community combined metric approach

Aim: The aim of this study was to experimentally assess the effects of glyphosate formulation on plankton composition by using different community parameters through a mesocosm experiment. Methodology: A 600 l mesocosm experiment was performed for 7 days, including a control (without glyphosate) and two concentrations of glyphosate. Results: Glyphosate caused a significant decrease in cladoceran density and a significant increase in rotifer, Chlorophyceae, and Euglenophyceae densities. In addition, zooplankton size diversity as well as microalgal evenness diminished. Interpretation: The decrease in cladoceran density may have benefited rotifers since they are less competitive for food resources. Moreover, the decrease in cladoceran foraging pressure over Chlorophyceae and Euglenophyceae may have benefited them. The different tolerances and competitiveness within the plankton components make the structure of this community a good indicator of environmental disturbance.

Relationship between stems moisture to medical (Senecio L.) and elevation in Shan County

A key plant species (Senecio L.) not only is a vital multilevel functional medicinal material of indications of respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, enteritis, dysentery, but also it is a widely distributed wide plant species. This plant species is widely distributed elevation from 500m to 1500m in six landscapes in Shan County of China. However, understanding dynamics of stems moisture of the plants is difficult along elevation. Herein showed that relations between stems moisture of the species and elevation is a significant positive connection from 500m to 1000m (P<0.01) as well as relationships between stems moisture of this species to elevation is a significant negative connection from 1000m to 1500m (P<0.01). This study provides six types and eco-adaptation for finding new species. Therefore, this study has theoretical and practical significance for plants protection along elevation and environmental gradient over the spatial-temporal-environmental-disturbance scales (STEDS) in the multilevel green space diversity.

Relation between fresh biomass of plant species (Senecio L.) and elevation in Shan County

A key plant species (Senecio L.) not only is a vital multilevel functional medicinal material of indications of respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, enteritis, dysentery, but also it is a widely distributed wide plant species. This plant species is widely distributed elevation from 500m to 1500m in six landscapes and vegetation ecosystems in Shan County of China. However, understanding dynamics of dry biomass of this species is difficult along elevation. This research explained that the relation between fresh biomass of the species and elevation is a significant positive connection from 500m to 1000m (P<0.01) as well as the links between fresh biomass of this species and elevation is a significant negative connection from 1000m to 1500m (P<0.01). This study provides six ecosystem types and a series of areas ecological adaptation for finding new medicinal species. Therefore, this study has vital theoretical and practical significance for medicinal plant protection along different elevation and environmental gradient over the spatial-temporal-environmental-disturbance scales (STEDS) in the multilevel green space diversity.

Linkages of Leaves Moisture of Medical Plant (Senecio L.) and Elevation in Shan County

A key plant species (Senecio L.) not only is a vital multilevel functional medicinal material of indications of respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, enteritis, dysentery, but also it is a widely distributed wide plant species. This plant species is widely distributed elevation from 500m to 1500m in six landscapesin Shan County of China. However, understanding dynamics of leaves moisture of theplants is difficult along elevation. Herein showed that linkages between leaves moisture of the species and elevation is a significant positive connection from 500m to 1000m(P<0.01) as well as linkages between leaves moisture of this species to elevation is asignificant negative connection from 1000m to 1500m(P<0.01). Herein provides six types and eco-adaptation for finding new species. Therefore, this study has theoretical and vital practical significance for plants protection along elevation and environmental gradientover the spatial-temporal-environmental-disturbance scales (STEDS) in interdisciplinary research from species diversity, ecosystems diversity and landscape diversity.Keywords: leaves moisture; elevation; relationship; eco-adaptation; eco-functional value; medicinal plant

The Meta-Organism Response of the Environmental Generalist Pocillopora damicornis Exposed to Differential Accumulation of Heat Stress

Coral bleaching events in the marine environment are now occurring globally, and the frequency and severity of these events are increasing. Critically, these events can cause the symbiosis between Symbiodiniaceae and their coral hosts to break down, but how the microbial community within the coral responds to bleaching is still equivocal. We investigated the impact of thermal stress exposure on the meta-organism responses of the generalist scleractinian coral species Pocillopora damicornis. Using mesocosms to recreate warming scenarios previously observed at Heron Island, we show that P. damicornis symbiont densities and photophysiological parameters declined at a similar rate under thermal stress regardless of the length of pre-bleaching thermal stress, defined here as temperatures above the monthly maximum mean (MMM) for Heron Island but below the local bleaching threshold (MMM + 2°C). However, we find that the P. damicornis microbiome remains stable over time regardless of the degree of thermal stress and the accumulation of pre-bleaching thermal stress. Our study therefore suggests that while P. damicornis is physiologically impacted by bleaching temperatures, the microbial community identified through 16S rRNA sequencing remains unchanged at the ASV level throughout bleaching. Understanding the capacity of a generalist species to withstand bleaching events is imperative to characterizing what coral species will exist on coral reefs following disturbances, as it has been suggested that the success of environmental generalist species may simplify community structure and lead to changes in biodiversity following environmental disturbance.

Relations between biomass of (Smilax scobinicaulis) Fresh Roots and Daily Solar Radiation

(Smilax scobinicaulis) not only is a medicinal material plant by treating joint pain, but also it is a widely distributed wide species from 500m to 3100m in Mei County of China. However, explaining links between total biomass of fresh roots and daily solar radiation is difficult. Herein explains that it is an increasing of total biomass of fresh roots with increasing of daily solar radiation, a link between total biomass of fresh roots and daily solar radiation is a significant positive correlation from 20.578mol/m2•d to 24.158mol/m2•d along elevation from 500m to 1500m (P<0.01); it is a decreasing of this total biomass of fresh roots with increasing of daily solar radiation, it is a link between this total biomass of fresh roots and daily solar radiation is the significant negative correlation from 24.15mol/m2•d to 27.246mol/m2•d along elevation from 1500m to 3100m (P<0.01). Herein provides key areas ecological adaptation of daily solar radiation and six landscapes. So, this has key theoretical and practical significance by medicinal species protection for future of human well-being at daily solar radiation at spatial-temporal-environmental-disturbance scales (STEDS).

Attitude stability control of micro-nano satellite orbit maneuver based on bias momentum

In this paper, an attitude stability control strategy based on cold air micro propulsion microsatellite orbital maneuver is designed. Firstly, the influence of environmental disturbance moment, uncertainty of rotational moment of inertia and thrust eccentricity moment on the attitude stability of the micro-nano-satellite is considered, and the attitude dynamics model of the micro-nano-satellite based on biased momentum wheel and magnetic moment device is established. Then, the disturbance moments such as environmental disturbance moments, rotational inertia uncertainty and thrust eccentricity moments are analyzed. In order to suppress the influence of various internal and external disturbance factors on the stability of the micro-nano-satellite during the deorbiting process, a robust adaptive sliding mode variable structure controller is designed. The designed robust adaptive sliding mode controller is able to compensate for various disturbances adaptively. The robust adaptive sliding-mode variable structure controller is designed with a reasonable distribution of torque considering the characteristics of bias momentum wheel control and magnetic control. Finally, numerical simulations are performed, and the simulation results show that the system has good robustness.

Assessment of benthic environmental disturbance in the Ba Lai estuary using the nematode biomass spectra

The researchs on the biomass spectra - a functional characteristic of biotic communities is still limited. In this study, the nematode biomass spectra in the bottom of Ba Lai estuary was investigated at six subtidal stations from the sea toward the upstream. The result showed that nematode biomass spectra ranged between -8 and 1 being significantly different between stations, and the lowest biomass of those spectras was in station BL4 (< 2 µg) which is upwardly closed to the Ba Lai dam. BL4 was also characterized by the lowest nematode abundance in the studied area. In addition, station BL3 downwardly closed to the dam exhibited low number of individuals. The heterogeneity in the nematode biomass spectra of BL3 and BL4 might due to the disturbance in the sedimentary environment of Ba Lai estuary related to the dam impact. This research again supports the important role of biomass spectra as bioindicator tool for biomonitoring and environmental quality assessment. Therefore, applying nematode biomass spectra is recommended for environmental assessment due to their advantages such as timesaving, not taxonomical expertise-requirement.

Trajectory tracking control of quadrotor under variable payloads with model-free controller and sliding mode control technology

Purpose This study aims to deal with the problem of trajectory tracking control for the quadrotor under external environmental disturbance and variable payloads. Design/methodology/approach In the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control, external environmental disturbance and internal variable payloads as two major interference factors lead to control performance degradation or even instability, thus a trajectory tracking controller which innovatively combines sliding mode control technology and model-free control technique is proposed. The proposed controller is constructed with a learning rate-based sliding mode controller and an ultra-local model. Based on the proposed controller, the nonlinear system model of variable load quadrotor is locally estimated and the system’s uncertainties and disturbances can be compensated. Findings The simulation and actual test results demonstrate the satisfactory control performance and the robustness of the proposed controller compared with the PID and Backstepping controller under external environmental disturbance and variable payloads. Moreover, the proposed controller solves the trajectory tracking control problem not only when payloads change at the center of gravity but also when the position of load variation deviates from the center of gravity. Practical implications In both military and civilian domains, the quadrotor may encounter such situations that the payloads change, such as transporting goods, aerial refueling and so on. As a large internal interference factor, variable load tends to lead to unstable control. The research results provide theoretical guidance and technical support for trajectory tracking control of quadrotor under variable payloads. Originality/value The proposed controller combines learning rate-based sliding mode controller and model-free control technique to achieve a more efficient and accurate trajectory control of the quadrotor when considering system uncertainties and the load variation that happens in the unknown location.