Mating status of an autoparasitoid and sex of the secondary host impact the outcome of heteronomous hyperparasitism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Ricardo Ramirez-Romero ◽  
Peng Dai ◽  
Xiangbing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Status

scholarly journals Effect of Pheromone Blend Components, Sex Ratio, and Population Size on the Mating of Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage Prabodha Sammani ◽  
Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Saman Kumara Dissanayaka ◽  
Leanage Kanaka Wolly Wijayaratne ◽  
William Robert Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Cadra Cautella ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Abstract The almond moth Cadra cautella (Walker), a key pest of storage facilities, is difficult to manage using synthetic chemicals. Pheromone-based management methods remain a high priority due to advantages over conventional management practices, which typically use insecticides. Cadra cautella females release a blend of pheromone including (Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA) and (Z)-9-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (ZTA). The effect of these components on mating of C. cautella and how response varies with the population density and sex ratio remain unknown. In this study, the mating status of C. cautella was studied inside mating cages under different ratios of ZETA and ZTA diluted in hexane and at different population sizes either with equal or unequal sex ratio. The lowest percentage of mated females (highest mating disruption [MD] effects), corresponding to roughly 12.5%, was produced by a 5:1 and 3.3:1 ratio of ZETA:ZTA. Populations with equal sex ratio showed the lowest percentage of mated females, at 20% and 12.5% under lower and higher density, respectively. The next lowest percentage of mated females was produced when the sex ratio was set to 1: 2 and 2:1 male:female, with just 25% and 22.5% of moths mated, respectively. This study shows that mating status of C. cautella is influenced by ZETA:ZTA ratio, sex ratio, and population size. This current knowledge would have useful implications for mating disruption programs.

GENETICS OF INCIPIENT SPECIATION INDROSOPHILA MOJAVENSIS:II. HOST PLANTS AND MATING STATUS INFLUENCE CUTICULAR HYDROCARBON QTL EXPRESSION AND G × E INTERACTIONS

Evolution ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1712-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Etges ◽  
Cassia Cardoso de Oliveira ◽  
Michael G. Ritchie ◽  
Mohamed A. F. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Incipient Speciation ◽  
Mating Status

scholarly journals Lovesick: Immunological Costs of Mating of Male Sagebrush Crickets

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Joseph Lehman ◽  
Carie Weddle ◽  
Jeannine St. John ◽  
Angela Kerr ◽  
Susan Gershman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Sexual Signals ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Encapsulation Rate ◽  
Investment In Reproduction ◽  
Virgin Male ◽  
Cyphoderris Strepitans ◽  
Breeding Seasons

A growing body of evidence suggests that resources invested in sexual signals and other reproductive traits often come at the expense of the ability to mount an immune response. Male sagebrush crickets, Cyphoderris strepitans, offer an unusual nuptial food gift to females during mating: females chew on the tips of males' fleshy hind wings and ingest hemolymph seeping from the wounds they inflict. Previous research has shown that once a male has mated, his probability of obtaining an additional copulation is reduced relative to that of a virgin male seeking his first mating. One hypothesis to account for this effect is that wing wounding triggers an energetically costly immune response, such that non­ virgin males are unable to sustain the costly acoustical signaling needed to attract additional females. To test this hypothesis, we injected virgin males with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a non-living component of bacterial cell walls that leads to upregulation of the insect immune system. Males were released in the field and recaptured over the course of the breeding season to monitor their mating success. Over two breeding seasons, LPS-injected males took significantly longer to secure matings than sham-injected virgin males. An encapsulation rate assay showed no difference in the encapsulation response of males of different mating status, but virgin males had significantly higher levels of phenoloxidase than non-virgin males. These results suggest that males trade off investment in reproduction and investment in immunity.

Do Bumble Bee, Bombus impatiens, Queens Signal their Reproductive and Mating Status to their Workers?

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etya Amsalem ◽  
Mario Padilla ◽  
Paul M. Schreiber ◽  
Naomi S. Altman ◽  
Abraham Hefetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombus Impatiens ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Mating Status

Mating status of coexisting conspecific individuals modulate reproduction in a ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Shashwat Singh ◽  
Geetanjali Mishra ◽  
Omkar
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Close Vicinity ◽  
Offspring Fitness ◽  
Petri Dishes

Abstract The mating status of organisms plays a crucial role in deciphering mating decision and reproductive success of any organisms. Odour or pheromones are known to be perceived by animals through olfaction to locate mates at a distance. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of the presence of unmated and mated conspecific adults on mating and reproductive parameters of the ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius, 1781). To conduct this experiment, an arena was made with the help of two Petri dishes and in such a manner that the experimental adults were only able to perceive the presence of conspecific adults of different mating status in their close vicinity. The results of the study demonstrated an early onset of mating in the presence of males compared to females. Another male in the vicinity poses competition that may force the males to establish genital contact faster. In the absence of any potential rival, copulation duration was highest. Females laid more eggs in the presence of mated females. This may be to increase offspring fitness in the presence of potential competitors for the already mated female. Females laid fewer eggs in the presence of unmated females. Unmated females nearby can be another choice for a male and thus, the male possibly limits the size of the ejaculate containing oviposition stimulants. The current study advocates that mating and reproductive behaviour are modulated according to the perceived surroundings in the form of conspecific adults of different mating status.

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