scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Omadacycline against Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Shoen ◽  
David Benaroch ◽  
Mary Sklaney ◽  
Michael Cynamon
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Dilution Assay ◽  
Tetracycline Derivative

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of omadacycline, a new tetracycline derivative, was evaluated against isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium fortuitum using a broth microtiter dilution assay. Omadacycline had MIC90 values of 2 μg/ml, 0.25 μg/ml, and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The in vitro activity of omadacycline against rapidly growing mycobacteria indicates that it may have the potential to improve therapy for infections caused by these organisms.

Development of a nucleic acid chromatography assay for the detection of commonly isolated rapidly growing mycobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriko Igarashi ◽  
Kinuyo Chikamatsu ◽  
Sotaro Sano ◽  
Shigehiko Miyamoto ◽  
Akio Aono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Heat Denaturation ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Link Type

Introduction. Non-tuberculosis mycobacterium infections are increasing worldwide, including those caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). Gap Statement. The identification of the aetiological agent in the context of infections is essential for the adoption of an adequate therapeutic approach. However, the methods for the rapid distinction of different RGM species are less than optimal. Aim. To develop a nucleic acid chromatography kit to identify clinically common RGM. Methodology. We tried to develop a nucleic acid chromatography kit designed to detect four RGM species (including three subspecies) i.e. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus , Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii (detected as M. abscessus/bolletii) Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense , Mycobacterium fortuitum , Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium peregrinum . The amplified target genes for each species/subspecies using multiplex PCR were analysed using a nucleic acid chromatography assay. Results. Among the 159 mycobacterial type strains and 70 RGM clinical isolates tested, the developed assay correctly identified all relevant RGM without any cross-reactivity or false-negatives. The limits of detection for each species were approximately 0.2 pg µl-1. Conclusion. The rapid and simple nucleic acid chromatography method developed here, which does not involve heat denaturation, may contribute to the rapid identification and treatment of RGM infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Susceptibilities of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria to Telithromycin (HMR 3647) and Seven Other Antimicrobials

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Fernández-Roblas ◽  
Jaime Esteban ◽  
Froilán Cabria ◽  
Juan Carlos López ◽  
Maria Soledad Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Mycobacterium Mucogenicum

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647) and seven other antimicrobials against 94 strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria were determined. Telithromycin at a concentration of 1 μg/ml inhibited Mycobacterium peregrinum (100%),Mycobacterium chelonae (80%), Mycobacterium abscessus-Mycobacterium mucogenicum (44.4%), andMycobacterium fortuitum (2.1%). All or most strains ofM. peregrinum, M. fortuitum, and M. mucogenicum were inhibited by 2 μg of quinolones per ml.

scholarly journals Activities of the glycylcyclines N,N-dimethylglycylamido-minocycline and N,N-dimethylglycylamido-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline against Nocardia spp. and tetracycline-resistant isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Brown ◽  
R J Wallace ◽  
G Onyi
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Nocardia Brasiliensis ◽  
Mycobacterium Mucogenicum

Susceptibilities to the new semisynthetic tetracycline (Tet) compounds N,N-dimethylglycylamido-minocycline (DMG-MINO) and N,N-dimethylglycylamido-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline (DMG-DMDOT) were compared with those to doxycycline, minocycline, and Tet for 198 Tet-resistant (Tetr) and 33 Tet-susceptible (Tets) clinical isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) including the Mycobacterium fortuitum group, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium mucogenicum and 68 isolates belonging to six taxa of Nocardia spp. All Tetr RGM were highly susceptible to the glycylcyclines. The MICs at which 50 and 90% of isolates are inhibited were < or = 0.125 and < or = 0.25 microgram/ml, respectively, for DMG-DMDOT and < or = 0.25 and 1 microgram/ml, respectively, for DMG-MINO. The MIC of DMG-DMDOT at which 50% of Tetr strains are inhibited was the same as that for Tets strains for each of the four taxa of RGM. The new agents were less active against Nocardia spp. MICs of DMG-DMDOT were comparable to those of minocycline except for the MICs for Nocardia brasiliensis sensu stricto, the new taxon Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis, and some isolates of Nocardia nova, against which they were four- to eightfold more active. The MICs of DMG-DMDOT were consistently lower than those of DMG-MINO for RGM. This class of drugs offers exciting therapeutic potential for RGM and for selected species of Nocardia.

Extracellular hemolytic activity in rapidly growing mycobacteria

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takezo Udou
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Reference Strains

Little is known about virulence factors associated with rapidly growing mycobacteria. We evaluated 42 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae and 4 reference strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis for the production of hemolysin (or hemolytic substance) as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of disease caused by these organisms. All the strains tested possessed extracellular hemolytic activity that was stable after heating and proteinase treatment, and the active substance had a molecular weight less than 10 000. The activity accumulated in culture medium during the late exponential to mid stationary phase of growth. Hemolysis in vitro was relatively slow; incubation for 10 h at 35 °C was required to obtain maximal activity. Some specificity of the hemolysis with regard to red blood cells from different animals was observed.Key words: rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, hemolytic activity.

scholarly journals hsp65 Sequencing for Identification of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ringuet ◽  
C. Akoua-Koffi ◽  
S. Honore ◽  
A. Varnerot ◽  
V. Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Type Strains

Partial sequencing of the hsp65 gene was used for the identification of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). A 441-bp fragment (A. Telenti, F. Marchesi, M. Balz, F. Bally, E. Böttger, and T. Bodmer, J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:175–178, 1993) was amplified and sequenced by an automated fluorescence-based method involving capillary electrophoresis. Type strains of 10 RGM species were first studied. Each species had a unique nucleotide sequence, distinguishing it clearly from the other species. A panel of strains from the four main RGM species responsible for human infections, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae,Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium peregrinum, was also studied. There were few sequence differences within each of these species (<2% of bases were different from the type strain sequence), and they had no effect on species assignment.hsp65 sequencing unambiguously differentiated M. chelonae and M. abscessus, two species difficult to identify by classical methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The devised procedure is a rapid and reliable tool for the identification of RGM species.

scholarly journals Multisite Reproducibility of Etest for Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium abscessus,Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium fortuitum

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. Woods ◽  
John S. Bergmann ◽  
Frank G. Witebsky ◽  
Gary A. Fahle ◽  
Betty Boulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Interlaboratory Reproducibility ◽  
Optimal Medium ◽  
High Mics

A multicenter study was conducted to assess the inter- and intralaboratory reproducibility of the Etest for susceptibility testing of the rapidly growing mycobacteria. The accuracy also was evaluated by comparing Etest results to those obtained by broth microdilution. Ten isolates (four of the Mycobacterium fortuitum group, three of Mycobacterium abscessus, and three ofMycobacterium chelonae) were tested against amikacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, imipenem, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in each of four laboratories. At each site, isolates were tested three times on each of three separate days (nine testing events per isolate) using common lots of media and Etest strips. Interlaboratory agreement among MICs (i.e., mode ± 1 twofold dilution) varied for the different drug-isolate combinations and overall was best for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (75% for one isolate and 100% for all others), followed by doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. Interlaboratory agreement based on interpretive category also varied and overall was best for doxycycline (100% for all isolates), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Interlaboratory reproducibility among MICs was most variable for imipenem, and agreement by interpretive category was lowest for imipenem and amikacin. Modal Etest MICs agreed with those by broth microdilution only for doxycycline and the sulfonamides. For all other drugs, the modal MICs by the two methods differed by more than ± 1 twofold dilution for one or more isolates. In all cases, the Etest MIC was higher and would have caused reports of false resistance. In summary, the Etest in this evaluation did not perform as well as broth microdilution for susceptibility testing of the rapidly growing mycobacteria. It was problematic for most species and drugs, primarily because of a trailing endpoint and/or high MICs compared to broth. Its use will necessitate further investigation, including determination of the optimal medium and incubation conditions and clarification of endpoint interpretation.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Isepamicin, Other Aminoglycosides, and Capreomycin against Clinical Isolates of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1849-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwan-Han Shen ◽  
Bo-Da Wu ◽  
Kun-Ming Wu ◽  
Jiann-Hwa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of isepamicin against 117 Mycobacteria abscessus, 48 Mycobacterium fortuitum, and 20 Mycobacterium chelonae isolates were evaluated by a microdilution test. Isepamicin MIC90s were ≤16 μg/ml for the three species. Isepamicin was as active as amikacin and kanamycin and more active than tobramycin, capreomycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of TP-271 against Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Nocardia Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 3986-3988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cynamon ◽  
Jeff Jureller ◽  
Balaji Desai ◽  
Krithika Ramachandran ◽  
Mary Sklaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Nocardia Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Respective Control ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Broth Dilution

ABSTRACTThein vitroactivities of TP-271, a novel fluorocycline antimicrobial, against 22 isolates ofMycobacterium abscessus, 22 isolates ofMycobacterium fortuitum, and 19 isolates ofNocardiaspp. were studied by a microtiter broth dilution method. The MIC90s forM. abscessus,M. fortuitum, andNocardiaspp. were 0.5 μg/ml, 0.03 μg/ml, and 8 μg/ml, respectively. TP-271 was significantly more active than the respective control drug in virtually all tests.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Bedaquiline against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Pang ◽  
Huiwen Zheng ◽  
Yaoju Tan ◽  
Yuanyuan Song ◽  
Yanlin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Broth Dilution

ABSTRACT The main goal of our study was to evaluate the in vitro bedaquiline susceptibility of six prevalent species of pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in China. In addition, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms contributing to bedaquiline resistance in the different NTM species. Among slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM), bedaquiline exhibited the highest activity against Mycobacterium avium; the MIC50 and MIC90 values were 0.03 and 16 mg/liter, respectively. Among rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (M. abscessus) and Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense (M. massiliense) seemed more susceptible to bedaquiline than Mycobacterium fortuitum, with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.13 and >16 mg/liter, respectively, for both species. On the basis of bimodal distributions of bedaquiline MICs, we proposed the following epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values: 1.0 mg/liter for SGM and 2.0 mg/liter for RGM. Among M. avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium kansasii, M. abscessus, M. massiliense, and M. fortuitum isolates, 14 (29.8%), 41 (27.2%), 33 (39.3%), 44 (20.2%), 42 (25.8%), and 7 (31.8%), respectively, were resistant to bedaquiline. No significant differences in the proportions of bedaquiline resistance among these species were observed (P > 0.05). Genetic mutations were observed in 74 isolates (10.8%), with all nucleotide substitutions being synonymous. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that bedaquiline shows moderate in vitro activity against NTM species. Using the proposed ECOFF values, we could distinguish between bedaquiline-resistant and -susceptible strains with the broth dilution method. In addition, no nonsynonymous mutations in the atpE gene that conferred bedaquiline resistance in all six NTM species were identified.

scholarly journals Comparison of In Vitro Activities of Gatifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against Four Taxa of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 3283-3285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Brown-Elliott ◽  
Richard J. Wallace ◽  
Christopher J. Crist ◽  
Linda Mann ◽  
Rebecca W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

ABSTRACT By using current NCCLS broth microdilution methods, we found that gatifloxacin inhibited 90% of the isolates of the Mycobacterium fortuitum group at ≤0.12 μg/ml and 90% of the Mycobacterium chelonae isolates at ≤4 μg/ml. Gatifloxacin was generally fourfold more active than ciprofloxacin. We recommend that both gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin be tested routinely against rapidly growing mycobacteria.

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