scholarly journals Removal of Group B Streptococci Colonizing the Vagina and Oropharynx of Mice with a Bacteriophage Lytic Enzyme

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Cheng ◽  
Daniel Nelson ◽  
Shiwei Zhu ◽  
Vincent A. Fischetti
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Group B streptococci (GBS) are the leading cause of neonatal meningitis and sepsis worldwide. The current treatment strategy is limited to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in pregnant women to prevent early-onset neonatal diseases, but considering the potential for antibiotic resistance, the risk of losing control over the disease is high. To approach this problem, we have developed a bacteriophage (phage) lytic enzyme to remove colonizing GBS. Bacteriophage muralytic enzymes, termed lysins, are highly evolved molecules designed to degrade the cell wall of host bacteria to release phage particles from the bacterial cytoplasm. Several different lysins have been developed to specifically kill bacterial pathogens both on mucosal surfaces and in blood and represent a novel approach to control infection. A lysin cloned from a phage infecting GBS was found to contain two putative catalytic domains and one putative binding domain, which is similar to the domain organization of some staphylococcal phage lysins. The lysin (named PlyGBS) was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified PlyGBS efficiently killed all tested GBS serotypes in vitro. In a mouse model, a single dose of PlyGBS significantly reduced bacterial colonization in both the vagina and oropharynx. As an alternative strategy for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, this approach may be used to reduce vaginal GBS colonization in pregnant women before delivery or to decontaminate newborns, thus reducing the incidence of GBS-associated neonatal meningitis and sepsis.

scholarly journals Rectal and Vaginal Eradication of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) in Pregnant Women by Using Lactobacillus salivarius CECT 9145, A Target-specific Probiotic Strain

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Martín ◽  
Nivia Cárdenas ◽  
Sara Ocaña ◽  
María Marín ◽  
Rebeca Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Lactobacillus Salivarius ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococci, GBS) can cause severe neonatal sepsis. The recto-vaginal GBS screening of pregnant women and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to positive ones is one of the main preventive options. However, such a strategy has some limitations and there is a need for alternative approaches. Initially, the vaginal microbiota of 30 non-pregnant and 24 pregnant women, including the assessment of GBS colonization, was studied. Among the Lactobacillus isolates, 10 Lactobacillus salivarius strains were selected for further characterization. In vitro characterization revealed that L. salivarius CECT 9145 was the best candidate for GBS eradication. Its efficacy to eradicate GBS from the intestinal and vaginal tracts of pregnant women was evaluated in a pilot trial involving 57 healthy pregnant women. All the volunteers in the probiotic group (n = 25) were GBS-positive and consumed ~9 log10 cfu of L. salivarius CECT 9145 daily from week 26 to week 38. At the end of the trial (week 38), 72% and 68% of the women in this group were GBS-negative in the rectal and vaginal samples, respectively. L. salivarius CECT 9145 seems to be an efficient method to reduce the number of GBS-positive women during pregnancy, decreasing the number of women receiving IAP during delivery.

Prevention of neonatal infection caused by group B streptococci

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A.P. Nikonov ◽  
◽  
N.S. Naumenko ◽  
O.R. Astsaturova ◽  
A.V. Belova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of vaginal carriage of Streptococcus agalactiae among pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation and assess the efficacy of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for group B streptococcus (GBS) infection in newborns. Patients and methods. We examined 800 pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation (bacteriological examination of vaginal microbiota with biomaterial collected from the posterior vaginal fornix). Identified carriers of S. agalactiae who had vaginal delivery (n = 50) received antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infection in newborns. We also evaluated the frequency of vertical transmission of streptococci in all infants during the first hour of life (bacteriological examination of pharyngeal swabs and meconium). Identification of microorganisms was performed by direct protein profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (FLEX series, Bruker Daltonic GmbH, Germany). Results. Maternal vaginal colonization with S. agalactiae in the third trimester was observed in 13.5% of patients tested (n = 108). Fifty women had vaginal delivery and received antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infection in newborns. Postpartum samples of only 1 newborn gave scanty growth of S. agalactiae at bacteriological examination (1 × 101 CFU/mL in meconium and 1 × 103 CFU/mL in the pharyngeal sample), while the remaining 49 newborns had sterile samples. Thus, the frequency of S. agalactiae vertical transmission with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis was 2% (n = 1). Of note, infection in the newborn caused no inflammation. Conclusion. Relatively low prevalence of vaginal carriage of S. agalactiae among pregnant women gives no sufficient grounds for the inclusion of such bacteriological examination into compulsory screening for infections in pregnant women in the Russian Federation. However, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective method to prevent streptococcal infection in newborns; it should be used in women at risk of GBS infections. Kew words: vaginal carriage of bacteria, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, neonatal sepsis, Streptococcus agalactiae, intrauterine infection, screening for infections

Effects of Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Neonatal Acquisition of Group B Streptococci

2017 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 169-173.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiwa Toyofuku ◽  
Miyuki Morozumi ◽  
Mariko Hida ◽  
Yoshitake Satoh ◽  
Hiroshi Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals A study of the prevalence of group B streptococci in the third trimester of pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3911
Author(s):  
Vikas Tambe ◽  
Versha Shokeen ◽  
Himadri Bal ◽  
Ajita Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

Background: Group B Streptococci (GBS) is an important cause of early onset neonatal sepsis and the maternal colonization of this organism is a key factor in the occurrence of GBS associated morbidity and mortality in the newborns. Timely recognition of its presence in the genital tract of a pregnant women and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis can significantly bring down the burden of the disease in neonates. A cross sectional study was conducted on  antenatal women during 35-37weeks of gestation to evaluate the prevalence of Group B Streptococci in third trimester of pregnancy and explore the feasibility of including GBS screening in the routine antenatal investigation protocol.Methods: 200 antenatal women satisfying the exclusion/inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Vaginal and perianal swabs were collected using sterile swab sticks and inoculated using the specified media. Beta hemolysis and typical colonies were looked for under microscope. Positive cases were subjected to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and the neonates were observed for 72 hours to look for any signs of sepsis.Results: It was found that 2% of the women screened were positive for GBS .While none of the newborns of the 4 positive cases showed any signs of sepsis.Conclusions: Prophylactic intrapartum prophylaxis against GBS has shown to decrease the chances of neonatal sepsis but more detailed and robust studies are required before incorporating routine screening in our antenatal care system.

Avoiding Inadequate Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Group B Streptococci

2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bienenfeld ◽  
Laura G. Rodriguez-Riesco ◽  
Kent D. Heyborne
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B
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