scholarly journals Correlation of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks with Specific Abiotic Traits in the Western Palearctic

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 3838-3845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Estrada-Peña ◽  
Carmelo Ortega ◽  
Nely Sánchez ◽  
Lorenzo DeSimone ◽  
Bertrand Sudre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Borrelia Lusitaniae ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Palearctic Region

ABSTRACTThis meta-analysis of reports examining ticks throughout the Western Palearctic region indicates a distinct geographic pattern forBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato prevalence in questing nymphalIxodes ricinusticks. The greatest prevalence was reported between the 5°E and 25°E longitudes based on an analysis of 123 collection points with 37,940 nymphal tick specimens (87.43% of total nymphs; 56.35% of total ticks in the set of reports over the target area). Climatic traits, such as temperature and vegetation stress, and their seasonality correlated withBorreliaprevalence in questing ticks. The greatest prevalence was associated with mild winter, high summer, and low seasonal amplitude of temperatures within the range of the tick vector, higher vegetation indices in the May-June period, and well-connected vegetation patches below a threshold at which rates suddenly drop. Classification of the target territory using a qualitative risk index derived from the abiotic variables produced an indicator of the probability of finding infected ticks in the Western Palearctic region. No specific temporal trends were detected in the reported prevalence. The ranges of the differentB. burgdorferisensu lato genospecies showed a pattern of high biodiversity between 4°W and 20°E, partially overlapping the area of highest prevalence in ticks.Borrelia afzeliiandBorrelia gariniiare the dominant species in central Europe (east of ∼25°E), butB. gariniimay appear alone at southern latitudes andBorrelia lusitaniaeis the main indicator species for meridional territories.

scholarly journals Approaches for Reverse Line Blot-Based Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected in Austria and Impact of the Chosen Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Margarita Schötta ◽  
Michiel Wijnveld ◽  
Hannes Stockinger ◽  
Gerold Stanek
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Reverse Line Blot ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Borrelia Lusitaniae ◽  
Neoehrlichia Mikurensis

ABSTRACT Ticks transmit a large number of pathogens capable of causing human disease. In this study, the PCR-reverse line blot (RLB) method was used to screen for pathogens in a total of 554 Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from all provinces of Austria. These pathogens belong to the genera Borrelia, Rickettsiae, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia (including “Candidatus Neoehrlichia”), Babesia, and Coxiella. The pathogens with the highest detected prevalence were spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, in 142 ticks (25.6%). Borrelia afzelii (80/142) was the most frequently detected species, followed by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (38/142) and Borrelia valaisiana (36/142). Borrelia garinii/Borrelia bavariensis, Borrelia lusitaniae, and Borrelia spielmanii were found in 28 ticks, 5 ticks, and 1 tick, respectively. Rickettsia spp. were detected in 93 ticks (16.8%): R. helvetica (39/93), R. raoultii (38/93), R. monacensis (2/93), and R. slovaca (1/93). Thirteen Rickettsia samples remain uncharacterized. “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis,” Babesia spp. (B. venatorum, B. divergens, B. microti), and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were found in 4.5%, 2.7%, and 0.7%, respectively. Coxiella burnetii was not detected. Multiple microorganisms were detected in 40 ticks (7.2%), and the cooccurrence of Babesia spp. and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” showed a significant positive correlation. We also compared different PCR-RLBs for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Rickettsia spp. and showed that different detection approaches provide highly diverse results, indicating that analysis of environmental samples remains challenging. IMPORTANCE This study determined the wide spectrum of tick-borne bacterial and protozoal pathogens that can be encountered in Austria. Surveillance of (putative) pathogenic microorganisms occurring in the environment is of medical importance, especially when those agents can be transmitted by ticks and cause disease. The observation of significant coinfections of certain microorganisms in field-collected ticks is an initial step to an improved understanding of microbial interactions in ticks. In addition, we show that variations in molecular detection methods, such as in primer pairs and target genes, can considerably influence the final results. For instance, detection of certain genospecies of borreliae may be better or worse by one method or the other, a fact of great importance for future screening studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Ticks Collected from Migratory Birds in Switzerland

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 976-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Angèle Poupon ◽  
Elena Lommano ◽  
Pierre-François Humair ◽  
Véronique Douet ◽  
Olivier Rais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Borrelia Garinii ◽  
Borrelia Lusitaniae ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

ABSTRACT The prevalence of ticks infected by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato on birds during their migrations was studied in Switzerland. A total of 1,270 birds captured at two sites were examined for tick infestation. Ixodes ricinus was the dominant tick species. Prevalences of tick infestation were 6% and 18.2% for birds migrating northward and southward, respectively. Borrelia valaisiana was the species detected most frequently in ticks, followed by Borrelia garinii and Borrelia lusitaniae. Among birds infested by infected ticks, 23% (6/26) were infested by B. lusitaniae-infected larvae. Migratory birds appear to be reservoir hosts for B. lusitaniae.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks and assessment of entomological risk index at localities in Belgrade

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 817-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Krstic ◽  
Novica Stajkovic ◽  
Srdjan Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
First Case

Background/Aim. The first case of human Lyme borreliosis (LB) in Serbia was recorded in 1987. The number of reported LB cases has increased in the past decade. The aim of this study was to estimate the density of Ixodes ricinus (I. ricinus) ticks, the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi) in them, and entomological risk index (ERI) at 19 Belgrade localities which were grouped into three categories (forests, parkforests, parks). The values of ERI were compared with the number of tick bites in humans. Methods. Ticks were collected monthly by using the flag hours method and the infection rate was determined by using dark field microscopy. The ERI value was calculated for each locality where the ticks were collected. The related data about tick bites was obtained from the patient protocol of the Institute of Epidemiology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade. Results. The total number of collected ticks, the number of nymphs and the infection rates of the nymphs were significantly higher in forests (p < 0.05) than park-forests and parks. Statistically, the ERI value was significantly higher in forests than parks of Belgrade (?2 = 7.78, p < 0.01). In March and July, the ERI value was also significantly higher in forests, than park-forests (p < 0.01) and parks (p < 0.01). May was the month with the highest ERI value in each ecological category (forests p < 0.05; park-forests p < 0.01; parks p < 0.001). However, the number of tick bites in humans did not correlate with ERI values. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that the risk of tick bite and human exposure to B. burgdorferi sensu lato is present at all selected localities in Belgrade. For a more comprehensive Lyme disease risk assessment the method of entomological risk index assessment should be combined with other methods, taking into consideration all tick stages and the behaviour and habits of people who may get infected B. burgdorferi sensu lato.

scholarly journals Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Strnad ◽  
Václav Hönig ◽  
Daniel Růžek ◽  
Libor Grubhoffer ◽  
Ryan O. M. Rego
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Lyme borreliosis is the most common zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks in Europe and North America. Despite having multiple tick vectors, the causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is vectored mainly by Ixodes ricinus in Europe. In the present study, we aimed to review and summarize the existing data published from 2010 to 2016 concerning the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes in questing I. ricinus ticks. The primary focus was to evaluate the infection rate of these bacteria in ticks, accounting for tick stage, adult tick gender, region, and detection method, as well as to investigate any changes in prevalence over time. The data obtained were compared to the findings of a previous metastudy. The literature search identified data from 23 countries, with 115,028 ticks, in total, inspected for infection with B. burgdorferi sensu lato. We showed that the infection rate was significantly higher in adults than in nymphs and in females than in males. We found significant differences between European regions, with the highest infection rates in Central Europe. The most common genospecies were B. afzelii and B. garinii, despite a negative correlation of their prevalence rates. No statistically significant differences were found among the prevalence rates determined by conventional PCR, nested PCR, and real-time PCR. IMPORTANCE Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a pathogenic bacterium whose clinical manifestations are associated with Lyme borreliosis. This vector-borne disease is a major public health concern in Europe and North America and may lead to severe arthritic, cardiovascular, and neurological complications if left untreated. Although pathogen prevalence is considered an important predictor of infection risk, solitary isolated data have only limited value. Here we provide summarized information about the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes among host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks, the principal tick vector of borreliae in Europe. We compare the new results with previously published data in order to evaluate any changing trends in tick infection.

scholarly journals Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Norway: evaluation of a PCR test targeting the chromosomal flaB gene

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Jenkins ◽  
Dag Hvidsten ◽  
Andreas Matussek ◽  
Per-Eric Lindgren ◽  
Snorre Stuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Flab Gene ◽  
Pcr Test

scholarly journals Questing Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) as a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Borrelia miyamotoi in an urban area of north-eastern Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kubiak ◽  
Janina Dziekońska-Rynko ◽  
Hanna Szymańska ◽  
Dariusz Kubiak ◽  
Małgorzata Dmitryjuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks

Infestation of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) resident in the Northeastern Poland by Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks and their infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Gryczyńska-Siemiątkowska ◽  
Alicja Siedlecka ◽  
Joanna Stańczak ◽  
Miłosława Barkowska
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Lacerta Agilis ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractSand lizards (Lacerta agilis) were trapped and examined for ticks from May to September in 2002 and 2003 in Northeastern Poland. A total of 233 Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks (76 larvae and 157 nymphs) was found on 31 of 235 captured lizards (13.2%). The tick infestation is relatively low compared to that of mammals and passerine birds from the same area (Siński et al. 2006, Gryczyńska et al. 2002). Tick infestation depended on the month of capture, being the highest in spring. In autumn no ticks were recorded on any of the captured lizards. The oldest lizards carried the highest number of ticks but no differences related to sex of the host were found. All the collected ticks were analysed by PCR for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agents of Lyme disease. Spirochetes were detected in 11 out of 233 (4.7%) ticks tested. Genetic analysis confirmed that the spirochetes are members of the Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto genospecies. Mixed infection were not detected. The prevalence of infection was analysed in relation to months of the capture, age and sex of the lizards, but differences were not statistically significant. The obtained results suggest that lizards are probably not B. burgdorferi reservoirs, but further studies are required to confirm this.

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