scholarly journals Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Strnad ◽  
Václav Hönig ◽  
Daniel Růžek ◽  
Libor Grubhoffer ◽  
Ryan O. M. Rego
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Lyme borreliosis is the most common zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks in Europe and North America. Despite having multiple tick vectors, the causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is vectored mainly by Ixodes ricinus in Europe. In the present study, we aimed to review and summarize the existing data published from 2010 to 2016 concerning the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes in questing I. ricinus ticks. The primary focus was to evaluate the infection rate of these bacteria in ticks, accounting for tick stage, adult tick gender, region, and detection method, as well as to investigate any changes in prevalence over time. The data obtained were compared to the findings of a previous metastudy. The literature search identified data from 23 countries, with 115,028 ticks, in total, inspected for infection with B. burgdorferi sensu lato. We showed that the infection rate was significantly higher in adults than in nymphs and in females than in males. We found significant differences between European regions, with the highest infection rates in Central Europe. The most common genospecies were B. afzelii and B. garinii, despite a negative correlation of their prevalence rates. No statistically significant differences were found among the prevalence rates determined by conventional PCR, nested PCR, and real-time PCR. IMPORTANCE Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a pathogenic bacterium whose clinical manifestations are associated with Lyme borreliosis. This vector-borne disease is a major public health concern in Europe and North America and may lead to severe arthritic, cardiovascular, and neurological complications if left untreated. Although pathogen prevalence is considered an important predictor of infection risk, solitary isolated data have only limited value. Here we provide summarized information about the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes among host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks, the principal tick vector of borreliae in Europe. We compare the new results with previously published data in order to evaluate any changing trends in tick infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato and Anaplasmataceae Members in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Alsace, a Focus of Lyme Borreliosis Endemicity in France

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 3074-3078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Ferquel ◽  
Martine Garnier ◽  
Jérôme Marie ◽  
Claire Bernède-Bauduin ◽  
Guy Baranton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Borrelia Garinii ◽  
Peak Density ◽  
Tick Infection ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Northeastern France

ABSTRACT Due to the high Lyme borreliosis incidence in Alsace, in northeastern France, we investigated in 2003-2004 three cantons in this region in order to determine the density of Ixodes ricinus ticks infected by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasmataceae. The peak density of nymphs infected by B. burgdorferi sensu lato at Munster and Guebwiller, where the disease incidence was high, was among the highest reported in Europe (105 and 114 per 100 m2, respectively). In contrast, the peak density of infected nymphs was low in the canton of Dannemarie (5/100 m2), where the disease incidence was low. The two main species detected in ticks were Borrelia afzelii, more frequent in nymphs, and Borrelia garinii, more frequent in adult ticks. The rates of tick infection by Anaplasma phagocytophilum were 0.4% and 1.2% in nymphs and adults, respectively.

scholarly journals Habitat-Specific Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Europe, Exemplified by Data from Latvia

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 3008-3010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Etti ◽  
Rosie Hails ◽  
Stefanie M. Schäfer ◽  
Simona De Michelis ◽  
Henna-Sisko Sewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato

ABSTRACT The distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from ecologically distinct habitats in Latvia was analyzed. A significant variation in the frequency of the genospecies across sites was observed, pointing to the importance of the host community in the ecology of Lyme borreliosis.

scholarly journals Borrelia miyamotoi: egy újabb, humán patogén, kullancs által terjesztett, visszatérő lázat okozó baktérium

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (29) ◽  
pp. 1124-1130
Author(s):  
Sándor Szekeres ◽  
András Lakos ◽  
Gábor Földvári
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract: Borrelia miyamotoi is a recently described relapsing fever spirochete transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. This pathogen is different from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the Lyme borreliosis spirochetes) in its epidemiology, ecology and also genetics. Over 50 patients have been described worldwide with Borrelia miyamotoi disease, and three immunocompromised patients were reported with neurological symptoms. Our knowledge about Borrelia miyamotoi infection in ticks and its distribution in different habitats and also the mechanism of the infection is limited. The most common symptom is fever; thus it can be easily confused with other tick-borne diseases. Due to the intensive research in recent years, Borrelia miyamotoi infection in ticks and hosts has been reported from different regions and also the number of patients is increasing, thus this bacterium is considered as an emerging pathogen. In this literature review we would like to summarize the available knowledge about this spirochete. Orv Hetil. 2017, 158(29): 1124–1130.

scholarly journals A Novel Multivalent OspA Vaccine against Lyme Borreliosis Is Safe and Immunogenic in an Adult Population Previously Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Wressnigg ◽  
P. Noel Barrett ◽  
Eva-Maria Pöllabauer ◽  
Maria O'Rourke ◽  
Daniel Portsmouth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTLyme borreliosis (LB) patients who recover, as well as previously infected asymptomatic individuals, remain vulnerable to reinfection withBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato. There is limited information available about the use of OspA vaccines in this population. In this study, a randomized double-blind phase I/II trial was performed to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of a novel multivalent OspA vaccine in healthy adults who were either seronegative or seropositive for previousB. burgdorferi sensu latoinfection. The participants received three monthly priming immunizations with either 30 μg or 60 μg alum-adjuvanted OspA antigen and a booster vaccination either 6 months or 9 to 12 months after the first immunization. The antibody responses to the six OspA serotypes included in the vaccine were evaluated. Adverse events were predominantly mild and transient and were similar in the seronegative and seropositive populations. Substantial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface-binding antibody responses against all six OspA antigens were induced after the primary immunization schedule in both populations, and they were substantially increased with both booster schedules. The antibody responses induced by the two doses were similar in the seronegative population, but there was a significant dose response in the seropositive population. These data indicate that the novel multivalent OspA vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic in individuals previously infected withB. burgdorferi sensu lato. (This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01504347.)

scholarly journals Correlation of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks with Specific Abiotic Traits in the Western Palearctic

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 3838-3845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Estrada-Peña ◽  
Carmelo Ortega ◽  
Nely Sánchez ◽  
Lorenzo DeSimone ◽  
Bertrand Sudre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Borrelia Lusitaniae ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Palearctic Region

ABSTRACTThis meta-analysis of reports examining ticks throughout the Western Palearctic region indicates a distinct geographic pattern forBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato prevalence in questing nymphalIxodes ricinusticks. The greatest prevalence was reported between the 5°E and 25°E longitudes based on an analysis of 123 collection points with 37,940 nymphal tick specimens (87.43% of total nymphs; 56.35% of total ticks in the set of reports over the target area). Climatic traits, such as temperature and vegetation stress, and their seasonality correlated withBorreliaprevalence in questing ticks. The greatest prevalence was associated with mild winter, high summer, and low seasonal amplitude of temperatures within the range of the tick vector, higher vegetation indices in the May-June period, and well-connected vegetation patches below a threshold at which rates suddenly drop. Classification of the target territory using a qualitative risk index derived from the abiotic variables produced an indicator of the probability of finding infected ticks in the Western Palearctic region. No specific temporal trends were detected in the reported prevalence. The ranges of the differentB. burgdorferisensu lato genospecies showed a pattern of high biodiversity between 4°W and 20°E, partially overlapping the area of highest prevalence in ticks.Borrelia afzeliiandBorrelia gariniiare the dominant species in central Europe (east of ∼25°E), butB. gariniimay appear alone at southern latitudes andBorrelia lusitaniaeis the main indicator species for meridional territories.

scholarly journals Seasonal patterns and spatial variation of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) infections in Ixodes ricinus in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke Hartemink ◽  
Arnold J. H. van Vliet ◽  
Gerrit Gort ◽  
Fedor Gassner ◽  
Frans Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Summer Peak

Abstract Background The incidence of Lyme borreliosis varies over time and space through as yet incompletely understood mechanisms. In Europe, Lyme borreliosis is caused by infection with a Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) genospecies, which is primarily transmitted by a bite of Ixodes ricinus nymphs. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal variation in nymphal infection prevalence of B. burgdorferi (s.l.) (NIP), density of questing nymphs (DON) and the resulting density of infected nymphs (DIN). Methods We investigated the infection rates in I. ricinus nymphs that were collected monthly between 2009 and 2016 in 12 locations in the Netherlands. Using generalized linear mixed models, we explored how the NIP, DON and DIN varied during the seasons, between years and between locations. We also determined the genospecies of the Borrelia infections and investigated whether the genospecies composition differed between locations. Results The overall NIP was 14.7%. A seasonal pattern in infection prevalence was observed, with higher estimated prevalences in the summer than in the spring and autumn. This, combined with higher nymphal densities in summer, resulted in a pronounced summer peak in the estimated DIN. Over the 7.5-year study period, a significant decrease in infection prevalence was found, as well as a significant increase in nymphal density. These two effects appear to cancel each other out; the density of infected nymphs, which is the product of NIP × DON, showed no significant trend over years. Mean infection prevalence (NIP, averaged over all years and all months) varied considerably between locations, ranging from 5 to 26%. Borrelia genospecies composition differed between locations: in some locations almost all infections consisted of B. afzelii, whereas other locations had more diverse genospecies compositions. Conclusion In the Netherlands, the summer peak in DIN is a result of peaks in both NIP and DON. No significant trend in DIN was observed over the years of the study, and variations in DIN between locations were mostly a result of the variation in DON. There were considerable differences in acarological risk between areas in terms of infection prevalence and densities of ticks as well as in Borrelia genospecies composition.

Borrelia kurtenbachii sp. nov., a widely distributed member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex in North America

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_1) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Margos ◽  
Joseph Piesman ◽  
Robert S. Lane ◽  
Nicholas H. Ogden ◽  
Andreas Sing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Latitudes

Lyme borreliosis group spirochaetes are parasitic bacteria transmitted by vector ticks of the genus Ixodes and distributed mainly between 40° and 60° northern latitudes. Since Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (hereinafter, B. burgdorferi ) was described in the north-eastern USA during the early 1980s, an increasing diversity has been noted within the species complex. Here, we describe a novel genomic species, Borrelia kurtenbachii sp. nov. (type strain 25015T = ATCC BAA-2495T =  DSM 26572T), that is prevalent in transmission cycles among vector ticks and reservoir hosts in North America. Confirmation of the presence of this species in Europe awaits further investigation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Genospecies in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Europe: a Metaanalysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 7203-7216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Rauter ◽  
Thomas Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Filter Process ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT In Europe, Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies causing Lyme borreliosis are mainly transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. Since its discovery, B. burgdorferi has been the subject of many epidemiological studies to determine its prevalence and the distribution of the different genospecies in ticks. In the current study we systematically reviewed the literature on epidemiological studies of I. ricinus ticks infected with B. burgdorferi sensu lato. A total of 1,186 abstracts in English published from 1984 to 2003 were identified by a PubMed keyword search and from the compiled article references. A multistep filter process was used to select relevant articles; 110 articles from 24 countries contained data on the rates of infection of I. ricinus with Borrelia in Europe (112,579 ticks), and 44 articles from 21 countries included species-specific analyses (3,273 positive ticks). These data were used to evaluate the overall rate of infection of I. ricinus with Borrelia genospecies, regional distributions within Europe, and changes over time, as well as the influence of different detection methods on the infection rate. While the infection rate was significantly higher in adults (18.6%) than in nymphs (10.1%), no effect of detection method, tick gender, or collection period (1986 to 1993 versus 1994 to 2002) was found. The highest rates of infection of I. ricinus were found in countries in central Europe. B. afzelii and B. garinii are the most common Borrelia species, but the distribution of genospecies seems to vary in different regions in Europe. The most frequent coinfection by Borrelia species was found for B. garinii and B. valaisiana.

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