scholarly journals Changes in Diversity and Functional Gene Abundances of Microbial Communities Involved in Nitrogen Fixation, Nitrification, and Denitrification in a Tidal Wetland versus Paddy Soils Cultivated for Different Time Periods

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
pp. 6109-6116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bannert ◽  
Kristina Kleineidam ◽  
Livia Wissing ◽  
Cornelia Mueller-Niggemann ◽  
Vanessa Vogelsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Tidal Wetland ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Relative Species Richness ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification

ABSTRACTIn many areas of China, tidal wetlands have been converted into agricultural land for rice cultivation. However, the consequences of land use changes for soil microbial communities are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated bacterial and archaeal communities involved in inorganic nitrogen turnover (nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification) based on abundances and relative species richness of the corresponding functional genes along a soil chronosequence ranging between 50 and 2,000 years of paddy soil management compared to findings for a tidal wetland. Changes in abundance and diversity of the functional groups could be observed, reflecting the different chemical and physical properties of the soils, which changed in terms of soil development. The tidal wetland was characterized by a low microbial biomass and relatively high abundances of ammonia-oxidizing microbes. Conversion of the tidal wetlands into paddy soils was followed by a significant increase in microbial biomass. Fifty years of paddy management resulted in a higher abundance of nitrogen-fixing microbes than was found in the tidal wetland, whereas dominant genes of nitrification and denitrification in the paddy soils showed no differences. With ongoing rice cultivation, copy numbers of archaeal ammonia oxidizers did not change, while that of their bacterial counterparts declined. ThenirKgene, coding for nitrite reductase, increased with rice cultivation time and dominated its functionally redundant counterpart,nirS, at all sites under investigation. Relative species richness showed significant differences between all soils with the exception of the archaeal ammonia oxidizers in the paddy soils cultivated for 100 and 300 years. In general, changes in diversity patterns were more pronounced than those in functional gene abundances.

scholarly journals Intra- versus inter-site macroscale variation in biogeochemical properties along a paddy soil chronosequence

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1237-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mueller-Niggemann ◽  
A. Bannert ◽  
M. Schloter ◽  
E. Lehndorff ◽  
L. Schwark
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Tidal Wetland

Abstract. In order to assess the intrinsic heterogeneity of paddy soils, a set of biogeochemical soil parameters was investigated in five field replicates of seven paddy fields (50, 100, 300, 500, 700, 1000, and 2000 yr of wetland rice cultivation), one flooded paddy nursery, one tidal wetland (TW), and one freshwater site (FW) from a coastal area at Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, China. All soils evolved from a marine tidal flat substrate due to land reclamation. The biogeochemical parameters based on their properties were differentiated into (i) a group behaving conservatively (TC, TOC, TN, TS, magnetic susceptibility, soil lightness and colour parameters, δ13C, δ15N, lipids and n-alkanes) and (ii) one encompassing more labile properties or fast cycling components (Nmic, Cmic, nitrate, ammonium, DON and DOC). The macroscale heterogeneity in paddy soils was assessed by evaluating intra- versus inter-site spatial variability of biogeochemical properties using statistical data analysis (descriptive, explorative and non-parametric). Results show that the intrinsic heterogeneity of paddy soil organic and minerogenic components per field is smaller than between study sites. The coefficient of variation (CV) values of conservative parameters varied in a low range (10% to 20%), decreasing from younger towards older paddy soils. This indicates a declining variability of soil biogeochemical properties in longer used cropping sites according to progress in soil evolution. A generally higher variation of CV values (>20–40%) observed for labile parameters implies a need for substantially higher sampling frequency when investigating these as compared to more conservative parameters. Since the representativeness of the sampling strategy could be sufficiently demonstrated, an investigation of long-term carbon accumulation/sequestration trends in topsoils of the 2000 yr paddy chronosequence under wetland rice cultivation restricted was conducted. Observations cannot be extrapolated to global scale but with coastal paddy fields developed on marine tidal flat substrates after land reclamation in the Zhejiang Province represent a small fraction (<1%) of the total rice cropping area. The evolutionary trend showed that the biogeochemical signatures characteristic for paddy soils were fully developed in less than 300 yr since onset of wetland rice cultivation. A six-fold increase of topsoil TOC suggests a substantial gain in CO2 sequestration potential when marine tidal wetland substrate developed to 2000 yr old paddy soil.

scholarly journals Intra-versus inter-site macroscale variation in biogeochemical properties along a paddy soil chronosequence

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 10119-10154
Author(s):  
C. Mueller-Niggemann ◽  
A. Bannert ◽  
M. Schloter ◽  
E. Lehndorff ◽  
L. Schwark
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Tidal Wetland ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Sequestration Potential

Abstract. In order to assess the intrinsic heterogeneity of paddy soils, a set of biogeochemical soil parameters was investigated in five field replicates of seven paddy fields (50, 100, 300, 500, 700, 1000, and 2000 yr of wetland rice cultivation), one flooded paddy nursery, one tidal wetland (TW), and one freshwater site (FW) from a coastal area at Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, China. All soils evolved from a marine tidal flat substrate due to land reclamation. The biogeochemical parameters based on their properties were differentiated into (i) a group behaving conservatively (TC, TOC, TN, TS, magnetic susceptibility, soil lightness and colour parameters, δ13C, δ15N, lipids and n-alkanes) and (ii) one encompassing more labile properties or fast cycling components (Nmic, Cmic, nitrate, ammonium, DON and DOC). The macroscale heterogeneity in paddy soils was assessed by evaluating intra- versus inter-site spatial variability of biogeochemical properties using statistical data analysis (descriptive, explorative and non-parametric). Results show that the intrinsic heterogeneity of paddy soil organic and minerogenic components per field is smaller than between study sites. The coefficient of variation (CV) values of conservative parameters varied in a low range (10 % to 20 %), decreasing from younger towards older paddy soils. This indicates a declining variability of soil biogeochemical properties in longer used cropping sites according to progress in soil evolution. A generally higher variation of CV values (>20–40 %) observed for labile parameters implies a need for substantially higher sampling frequency when investigating these as compared to more conservative parameters. Since the representativeness of the sampling strategy could be sufficiently demonstrated, an investigation of long-term carbon accumulation/sequestration trends in topsoils of the 2000 year paddy chronosequence under wetland rice cultivation was conducted. The evolutionary trend showed that the biogeochemical signatures characteristic for paddy soils were fully developed in less than 300 yr since onset of wetland rice cultivation. A six-fold increase of topsoil TOC suggests a substantial gain in CO2 sequestration potential when marine tidal wetland substrate developed to 2000 year old paddy soil.

Paddy soils have a much higher microbial biomass content than upland soils: A review of the origin, mechanisms, and drivers

2022 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 107798
Author(s):  
Liang Wei ◽  
Tida Ge ◽  
Zhenke Zhu ◽  
Rongzhong Ye ◽  
Josep Peñuelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Upland Soils

Heterotrophic nitrification and denitrification are the main sources of nitrous oxide in two paddy soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 445 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Liu ◽  
Yu Ding ◽  
Qichun Zhang ◽  
Xingmei Liu ◽  
Jianming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Heterotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification

Algal and bacterial non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in paddy soils

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rinaudo ◽  
J. Balandreau ◽  
Y. Dommergues
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Paddy Soils

scholarly journals Diazotrophic Anaeromyxobacter Isolates from Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Masuda ◽  
Haruka Yamanaka ◽  
Zhen-Xing Xu ◽  
Yutaka Shiratori ◽  
Toshihiro Aono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Function ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Nitrogenase Genes ◽  
Dependent Growth

ABSTRACT Biological nitrogen fixation is an essential reaction in a major pathway for supplying nitrogen to terrestrial environments. Previous culture-independent analyses based on soil DNA/RNA/protein sequencing could globally detect the nitrogenase genes/proteins of Anaeromyxobacter (in the class Deltaproteobacteria), commonly distributed in soil environments and predominant in paddy soils; this suggests the importance of Anaeromyxobacter in nitrogen fixation in soil environments. However, direct experimental evidence is lacking; there has been no research on the genetic background and ability of Anaeromyxobacter to fix nitrogen. Therefore, we verified the diazotrophy of Anaeromyxobacter based on both genomic and culture-dependent analyses using Anaeromyxobacter sp. strains PSR-1 and Red267 isolated from soils. Based on the comparison of nif gene clusters, strains PSR-1 and Red267 as well as strains Fw109-5, K, and diazotrophic Geobacter and Pelobacter in the class Deltaproteobacteria contain the minimum set of genes for nitrogenase (nifBHDKEN). These results imply that Anaeromyxobacter species have the ability to fix nitrogen. In fact, Anaeromyxobacter PSR-1 and Red267 exhibited N2-dependent growth and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) in vitro. Transcriptional activity of the nif gene was also detected when both strains were cultured with N2 gas as a sole nitrogen source, indicating that Anaeromyxobacter can fix and assimilate N2 gas by nitrogenase. In addition, PSR-1- or Red267-inoculated soil showed ARA activity and the growth of the inoculated strains on the basis of RNA-based analysis, demonstrating that Anaeromyxobacter can fix nitrogen in the paddy soil environment. Our study provides novel insights into the pivotal environmental function, i.e., nitrogen fixation, of Anaeromyxobacter, which is a common soil bacterium. IMPORTANCE Anaeromyxobacter is globally distributed in soil environments, especially predominant in paddy soils. Current studies based on environmental DNA/RNA analyses frequently detect gene fragments encoding nitrogenase of Anaeromyxobacter from various soil environments. Although the importance of Anaeromyxobacter as a diazotroph in nature has been suggested by culture-independent studies, there has been no solid evidence and validation from genomic and culture-based analyses that Anaeromyxobacter fixes nitrogen. This study demonstrates that Anaeromyxobacter harboring nitrogenase genes exhibits diazotrophic ability; moreover, N2-dependent growth was demonstrated in vitro and in the soil environment. Our findings indicate that nitrogen fixation is important for Anaeromyxobacter to survive under nitrogen-deficient environments and provide a novel insight into the environmental function of Anaeromyxobacter, which is a common bacterium in soils.

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