scholarly journals Secondary Intracellular Symbiotic Bacteria in Aphids of the GenusYamatocallis (Homoptera: Aphididae: Drepanosiphinae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 5315-5320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takema Fukatsu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Nucleotide Substitution Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

ABSTRACT A novel secondary intracellular symbiotic bacterium from aphids of the genus Yamatocallis (subfamily Drepanosiphinae) was characterized by using molecular phylogenetic analysis, in situ hybridization, and diagnostic PCR detection. In the aphid tissues, this bacterium (tentatively designated YSMS [Yamatocallis secondary mycetocyte symbiont]) was found specifically in large cells surrounded by primary mycetocytes harboringBuchnera cells. Of nine drepanosiphine aphids examined, YSMS was detected in only two species of the same genus,Yamatocallis tokyoensis and Yamatocallis hirayamae. In natural populations of these aphids, YSMS was present in 100% of the individuals. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences demonstrated that YSMS ofY. tokyoensis and Y. hirayamae constitute a distinct and isolated clade in the γ subdivision of the classProteobacteria. No 16S rDNA sequences of secondary endosymbionts characterized so far from other aphids showed phylogenetic affinity to YSMS. Based on these results, I suggest that YSMS was acquired by an ancestor of the genus Yamatocallisand has been conserved throughout the evolution of the lineage. By using the nucleotide substitution rate for 16S rDNA ofBuchnera spp., the time of acquisition of YSMS was estimated to be about 13 to 26 million years ago, in the Miocene epoch of the Tertiary period.

Two Intracellular Symbiotic Bacteria from the Mulberry Psyllid Anomoneura mori (Insecta, Homoptera)

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 3599-3606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takema Fukatsu ◽  
Naruo Nikoh
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

ABSTRACT We characterized the intracellular symbiotic bacteria of the mulberry psyllid Anomoneura mori by performing a molecular phylogenetic analysis combined with in situ hybridization. In its abdomen, the psyllid has a large, yellow, bilobed mycetome (or bacteriome) which consists of many round uninucleated mycetocytes (or bacteriocytes) enclosing syncytial tissue. The mycetocytes and syncytium harbor specific intracellular bacteria, the X-symbionts and Y-symbionts, respectively. Almost the entire length of the bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified and cloned from the whole DNA ofA. mori, and two clones, the A-type and B-type clones, were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In situ hybridization with specific oligonucleotide probes demonstrated that the A-type and B-type 16S rDNAs were derived from the X-symbionts and Y-symbionts, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rDNA sequences showed that these symbionts belong to distinct lineages in the γ subdivision of the Proteobacteria. No 16S rDNA sequences in the databases were closely related to the 16S rDNA sequences of the X- and Y-symbionts. However, the sequences that were relatively closely related to them were the sequences of endosymbionts of other insects. The nucleotide compositions of the 16S rDNAs of the X- and Y-symbionts were highly AT biased, and the sequence of the X-symbiont was the most AT-rich bacterial 16S rDNA sequence reported so far.

scholarly journals Niche-Partitioning of ProchlorococcusPopulations in a Stratified Water Column in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2585-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyree J. West ◽  
David J. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Eastern North Atlantic ◽  
Eastern North Atlantic Ocean

ABSTRACT The in situ community structure of Prochlorococcuspopulations in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean was examined by analysis of Prochlorococcus 16S rDNA sequences with three independent approaches: cloning and sequencing, hybridization to specific oligonucleotide probes, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The hybridization of high-light (HL) and low-light (LL) Prochlorococcus genotype-specific probes to two depth profiles of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences revealed that in these two stratified water columns, an obvious niche-partitioning ofProchlorococcus genotypes occurred. In each water column a shift from the HL to the LL genotype was observed, a transition correlating with the depth of the surface mixed layer (SML). Only the HL genotype was found in the SML in each water column, whereas the LL genotype was distributed below the SML. The range of in situ irradiance to which each genotype was subjected within these distinct niches was consistent with growth irradiance studies of cultured HL- and LL-adapted Prochlorococcus strains. DGGE analysis and the sequencing of Prochlorococcus 16S rDNA clones were in full agreement with the genotype-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization data. These observations of a partitioning ofProchlorococcus genotypes in a stratified water column provide a genetic basis for the dim and brightProchlorococcus populations observed in flow cytometric signatures in several oceanic provinces.

scholarly journals In Situ Detection of Novel Bacterial Endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. Phylogenetically Related to Members of the Order Rickettsiales

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Fritsche ◽  
Matthias Horn ◽  
Seyedreza Seyedirashti ◽  
Romesh K. Gautom ◽  
Karl-Heinz Schleifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts

ABSTRACT Acanthamoebae are ubiquitous soil and water bactivores which may serve as amplification vehicles for a variety of pathogenic facultative bacteria and as hosts to other, presently uncultured bacterial endosymbionts. The spectrum of uncultured endosymbionts includes gram-negative rods and gram-variable cocci, the latter recently shown to be members of the Chlamydiales. We report here the isolation from corneal scrapings of two Acanthamoebastrains that harbor gram-negative rod endosymbionts that could not be cultured by standard techniques. These bacteria were phylogenetically characterized following amplification and sequencing of the near-full-length 16S rRNA gene. We used two fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probes targeting signature regions within the retrieved sequences to detect these organisms in situ. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that they displayed 99.6% sequence similarity and formed an independent and well-separated lineage within theRickettsiales branch of the alpha subdivision of theProteobacteria. Nearest relatives included members of the genus Rickettsia, with sequence similarities of approximately 85 to 86%, suggesting that these symbionts are representatives of a new genus and, perhaps, family. Distance matrix, parsimony, and maximum-likelihood tree-generating methods all consistently supported deep branching of the 16S rDNA sequences within the Rickettsiales. The oligonucleotide probes displayed at least three mismatches to all other available 16S rDNA sequences, and they both readily permitted the unambiguous detection of rod-shaped bacteria within intact acanthamoebae by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Considering the long-standing relationship of mostRickettsiales with arthropods, the finding of a related lineage of endosymbionts in protozoan hosts was unexpected and may have implications for the preadaptation and/or recruitment of rickettsia-like bacteria to metazoan hosts.

Degradation of morpholine, piperidine, and pyrrolidine by mycobacteria: evidences for the involvement of a cytochrome P450

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Poupin ◽  
J J Godon ◽  
E Zumstein ◽  
N Truffaut
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cyclic Amines ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences

Nine bacterial strains that grew on morpholine and pyrrolidine as sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy sources were isolated from three different environments with no known morpholine contamination. One of these strains could also degrade piperidine. These bacteria were identified as Mycobacterium strains. A phylogenetic analysis based on the partial 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the isolated strains clustered within the fast growing group of mycobacteria. When the above-mentioned cyclic amines were used as growth substrates, the synthesis of a soluble cytochrome P450 was induced in all these bacteria. Other laboratory strains, Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155, were tested for their abilities to degrade morpholine. Neither of them degraded morpholine but could use pyrrolidine and piperidine. The growth of M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis mc2155 on these compounds involved a soluble cytochrome P450, suggesting that mycobacterial strains are naturally able to use pyrrolidine and have developed a similar enzymatic pathway to metabolize this amine.Key words: mycobacteria, morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, cytochrome P450.

scholarly journals Saccharothrix algeriensis sp. nov., isolated from Saharan soil

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zitouni ◽  
L. Lamari ◽  
H. Boudjella ◽  
B. Badji ◽  
N. Sabaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Saharan Soil ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Soil Isolate ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences

The taxonomic position of a soil isolate, strain SA 233T, recovered from Saharan soil from Algeria was established using a polyphasic approach. This isolate has been previously reported to produce three novel dithiolopyrrolone antibiotics, and preliminary chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics suggested that it was representative of a member of the genus Saccharothrix. Phylogenetic analysis of the strain from 16S rDNA sequences, along with a detailed analysis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and physiological characteristics, indicates that it belongs to the genus Saccharothrix and represents a novel species that is readily distinguished from all recognized Saccharothrix species. The name Saccharothrix algeriensis sp. nov. is proposed for the isolate, with type strain SA 233T (=NRRL B-24137T=DSM 44581T).

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