scholarly journals Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation in the Presence of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) by Two Different Lithotrophs

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 5351-5357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Schmidt ◽  
Cristian Hermelink ◽  
Katinka van de Pas-Schoonen ◽  
Marc Strous ◽  
Huub J. op den Camp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
N Compounds

ABSTRACT The anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing activity of the planctomycete Candidatus “Brocadia anammoxidans” was not inhibited by NO concentrations up to 600 ppm and NO2 concentrations up to 100 ppm. B. anammoxidans was able to convert (detoxify) NO, which might explain the high NO tolerance of this organism. In the presence of NO2, the specific ammonia oxidation activity of B. anammoxidans increased, and Nitrosomonas-like microorganisms recovered an NO2-dependent anaerobic ammonia oxidation activity. Addition of NO2 to a mixed population of B. anammoxidans and Nitrosomonas induced simultaneous specific anaerobic ammonia oxidation activities of up to 5.5 mmol of NH4 + g of protein−1 h−1 by B. anammoxidans and up to 1.5 mmol of NH4 + g of protein−1 h−1 by Nitrosomonas. The stoichiometry of the converted N compounds (NO2 −/NH3 ratio) and the microbial community structure were strongly influenced by NO2. The combined activity of B. anammoxidans and Nitrosomonas-like ammonia oxidizers might be of relevance in natural environments and for technical applications.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Removal Characteristics and Comparison of the Microbial Community Structure in Different Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Reactors

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiu Zhang ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
Shugeng Li ◽  
Zhongxuan Geng ◽  
Hainan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation

Nitrogen removal characteristics and the comparison of the microbial community structure were investigated in different anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) reactors: an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and a biofilter reactor. The Anammox systems were inoculated with sludge from the second settling tank of a wastewater treatment plant in Guangzhou, China. After successful start up of Anammox, the microbial community structure of different Anammox reactors were studied through high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the ASBR reactor could successfully start up after 134 days, while Anammox in the biofilter could start up after 114 days. In both systems, total nitrogen removal was at 80% after more than 200 days of operation. The diversity of denitrifying microorganisms was high in both reactors, with Planctomycetes as the main taxa. Anammox bacteria belonging to the genera Candidatus Anammoxoglobus and Kuenenia, were dominant in the ASBR, while all three genera of Candidatus, Anammoxoglobus, Kuenenia, and Brocadia, could be detected in the biofilter reactor. Therefore, the biofilter starts up faster than the ASBR, and contains richer species, which makes it more suitable to domesticate Anammox bacteria.

scholarly journals Nitrapyrin has far reaching effects on the soil microbial community structure, composition, diversity and functions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Schmidt ◽  
Xiao-Bo Wang ◽  
Paolina Garbeva ◽  
Étienne Yergeau
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fungal Community Structure

AbstractNitrapyrin is one of the most common nitrification inhibitors that are used to retain N in the ammonia form in soil to improve crop yields and quality. Whereas the inhibitory effect of nitrapyrin is supposedly specific to ammonia oxidizers, in view of the keystone role of this group in soils, nitrapyrin could have far-reaching impacts. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nitrapyrin leads to large shifts in soil microbial community structure, composition, diversity and functions, beyond its effect on ammonia-oxidizers. To test this hypothesis, we set-up a field experiment where wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. AC Walton) was fertilized with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and supplemented or not with nitrapyrin. Rhizosphere and bulk soils were sampled twice, DNA was extracted, the 16S rRNA gene and ITS region were amplified and sequenced to follow shifts in archaeal, bacterial and fungal community structure, composition and diversity. To assess microbial functions, several genes involved in the nitrogen cycle were quantified by real-time qPCR and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were trapped in the rhizosphere at the moment of sampling. As expected, sampling date and plant compartment had overwhelming effects on the microbial communities. However, within these strong effects, we found statistically significant effects of nitrapyrin on the relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae and Basidiomycota, and on several genera. Nitrapyrin also significantly affected bacterial and fungal community structure, and the abundance of all the N-cycle gene tested, but always in interaction with sampling date. In contrast, nitrapyrin had no significant effect on the emission of VOCs, where only sampling date significantly influenced the profiles observed. Our results point out far-reaching effects of nitrapyrin on soil and plant associated microbial communities, well beyond its predicted direct effect on ammonia-oxidizers. In the longer term, these shifts might counteract the positive effect of nitrapyrin on crop nutrition and greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Retention in Mesocosm Sediments Received Rural Wastewater Associated with Microbial Community Response to Plant Species

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3035
Author(s):  
Zhixin Dong ◽  
Lei Hu ◽  
Jianmei Li ◽  
Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba ◽  
Jialiang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Rural Wastewater

Vegetated drainage ditches (eco-ditches) have drawn much attention in recent years for the ability to remediate diffuse contaminants in rural wastewater through sediment retention, plant uptake and interception, and microbial metabolic activities. However, the effect of plant species on microbial community structure and nitrogen (N) retention in ditch sediment remains poorly understood. In this study, mesocosm plastic drums were planted with eight plant species commonly found in ditches and nurtured with wastewater for 150 days. Sediment total nitrogen (TN) was greatly increased after 150-day nurturing with rural wastewater, from 296.03 mg∙kg−1 (Iris japonica Thunb) to 607.88 mg∙kg−1 (Acorus gramineusO). This study also presents the effect of different plant species on sediment microbial communities, thus providing insight into N removal mechanisms in eco-ditch. Fifty-eight differentially abundant taxa were identified, and sediment microbial community structure for no plant (CK), Acg, Canna indica (Cai), and Typha latifolia L. (Tyl) was primarily linked to sediment NH4+-N and TN. Extremely small proportions of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrifying bacteria were detected for all treatments, but large proportions of Crenarchaeota, which comprises the widely existent ammonium oxidized archaea (AOA), were found in CK, Acg and Cai. The abundance of Nitrosotalea from Crenarchaeota presented positive correlations with sediment NH4+-N contents and ammonia oxidation function predicted by Faprotax, indicating Nitrosotalea might be the dominant ammonium-oxidizing microbes in sediment samples. The probable NH4+-N removal pathway in wastewater sediment was through a combined effect of AOA, nitrifying bacteria, and anammox.

scholarly journals Effects of multi-electron acceptor coexistence system on perchlorate biodegradation and microbial community variation

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1428-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Liu ◽  
Xueming Qin ◽  
Yonglei An ◽  
Hua Qiu ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Abstract Many studies have reported that a certain preference is obeyed by perchlorate-degrading bacteria to utilize different electron acceptors. This conclusion was stated considering only the removal rate of different electron acceptors, indicating a lack of adequate proof. This study investigated the selective utilization of different electron acceptors by a perchlorate-degrading bacterium. The results showed that the mixed population of microorganisms (containing perchlorate-degrading bacteria) obeyed a certain sequence to utilize different electron acceptors, which was oxygen > nitrate > perchlorate > sulfate. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the mixed population of microorganisms contained anaerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobic bacteria, and aerobic bacteria. The microbial community structure actually had been changed by adding another electron acceptor to the perchlorate-medium and the microbial genera were distinguished in terms of utilizing the specific electron acceptor (e.g., oxygen, nitrate, sulfate). The result of canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that the abundance of microorganisms appeared as a good positive correlation with the corresponding electron acceptor. Therefore, a new viewpoint was inferred that there are two main reasons at least that make the mixed microorganisms obey a certain sequence to utilize different electron acceptors. One reason is that the perchlorate-degrading bacteria in the mixed microorganisms change their own respiratory metabolism pathway. The other reason is that the mixed microorganisms actually change their microbial community structure.

The First Use of Biofilm Microbial Community Structure as an Indicator of Impact of Two Dams on the Elwha River (Washington)

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-387
Author(s):  
W. D. Eaton ◽  
B. Wilmot ◽  
E. Epler ◽  
S. Mangiamelli ◽  
D. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Elwha River
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