scholarly journals Immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Potential Infection-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Quan ◽  
Caiyan Li ◽  
Han Ma ◽  
Yisha Li ◽  
Huali Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Scientific Advance ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

SUMMARY The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, introduced the third highly pathogenic coronavirus into humans in the 21st century. Scientific advance after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emergence enabled clinicians to understand the epidemiology and pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we summarize and discuss the epidemiology, clinical features, and virology of and host immune responses to SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 and the pathogenesis of coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We especially highlight that highly pathogenic coronaviruses might cause infection-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, which is involved in the immunopathogenesis of human coronavirus-induced ARDS, and also discuss the potential implication of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis therapeutics for combating severe coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals Miliary Tuberculosis-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Complicated with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sz-Jiun Shiu ◽  
Ting-Ting Li ◽  
Bor-Jen Lee ◽  
Pin-Kuei Fu ◽  
Chen-Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Underlying Disease

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are accompanied with poor outcome and high mortality when miliary tuberculosis is a causative pathogen for both of them. A patient complicated with ARDS and HLH is unusual in critical care, and few case reports are present in PudMed. Besides, the relationship between HLH and ARDS is still unknown and has not been reviewed in the literature. In this report, we present the case of a 74-year-old Taiwanese woman suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis and miliary tuberculosis, and she developed ARDS and HLH on the 3rd day after admission. We arranged serial laboratory examination, various serum markers, bone marrow aspiration, and bronchoscopy with alveolar lavage for survey; we prescribed empirical antibiotics and antituberculosis medication soon after alveolar lavage showing positive acid-fast stain. She was extubated on hospital day 31 and discharged on hospital day 73. In conclusion, early diagnosis and intervention for underlying disease and intensive bundle care for multiorgan failure are crucial for both ARDS and HLH.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Triggering Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a 3-Year-Old Child With Down Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kim-Hellmuth ◽  
Matthias Hermann ◽  
Julia Eilenberger ◽  
Julia Ley-Zaporozhan ◽  
Marcus Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Down Syndrome Patient ◽  
Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Abstract Down syndrome (DS) predisposes to severe immunologic reaction secondary to infectious triggers. Here, we report a pediatric DS patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who developed a hyperinflammatory syndrome, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis requiring pediatric intensive care unit admission and treatment with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and remdesivir. Investigations into genetic susceptibilities for COVID-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated complications warrant systematic clinical and scientific studies. We report a pediatric Down syndrome patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who developed secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis requiring treatment with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and remdesivir. Investigations into genetic susceptibilities for COVID-19-associated complications warrant systematic clinical and scientific studies.

scholarly journals Early Leukapheresis Depletion in an Ex-Premature with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to Bordetella Pertussis and Coronavirus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-760
Author(s):  
Emanuele Rossetti ◽  
Linda Appierto ◽  
Antonella Meschini ◽  
Giovanna Leone ◽  
Stefania Lazzaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Complications ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

We describe a 2 weeks corrected gestational age infant admitted in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated to <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> and Coronavirus infection. He developed leukocytosis as soon as ARDS required intubation and aggressive mechanical ventilation: hence he underwent 3 early therapeutic leukapheresis treatments in order to avoid the worsening of related cardiopulmonary complications, according to recent literature on pertussis infection in infants. The infant was discharged from PICU healthy.

scholarly journals The Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kosyreva ◽  
Dzhuliia Dzhalilova ◽  
Anastasia Lokhonina ◽  
Polina Vishnyakova ◽  
Timur Fatkhudinov
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotypes

Macrophages are cells that mediate both innate and adaptive immunity reactions, playing a major role in both physiological and pathological processes. Systemic SARS-CoV-2-associated complications include acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, edema, and pneumonia. These are predominantly effects of massive macrophage activation that collectively can be defined as macrophage activation syndrome. In this review we focus on the role of macrophages in COVID-19, as pathogenesis of the new coronavirus infection, especially in cases complicated by ARDS, largely depends on macrophage phenotypes and functionalities. We describe participation of monocytes, monocyte-derived and resident lung macrophages in SARS-CoV-2-associated ARDS and discuss possible utility of cell therapies for its treatment, notably the use of reprogrammed macrophages with stable pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes.

scholarly journals Coronavirus: A Disease of the Haemoglobin? Suggested Therapeutic Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Moustapha Diedhiou ◽  
A. Dieye ◽  
D. Makalou ◽  
E.B. Ba ◽  
M.L. Fall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Vascular Thrombosis ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The pathophysiology of the coronavirus infection is not yet fully understood. Several theories have been developed from the acute respiratory distress syndrome to antiphospholipid antibody syndrome to vascular thrombosis. It is in this context that we propose through brainstorming some proposals for the therapeutic management based on secondary haemoglobin damage by COVID-19. Keywords: coronavirus - haemoglobin - chloroquine - pathophysiology

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document