scholarly journals Piliation of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in the Era before Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Malawi

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benard W. Kulohoma ◽  
Katherine Gray ◽  
Arox Kamng'ona ◽  
Jennifer Cornick ◽  
Stephen D. Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Type I ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vaccine Introduction

ABSTRACTThe pneumococcal pilus has been shown to be an important determinant of adhesion and virulence in mouse models of colonization, pneumonia, and bacteremia. A pilus is capable of inducing protective immunity, supporting its inclusion in next-generation pneumococcal protein vaccine formulations. Whether this vaccine target is common among pneumococci in sub-Saharan Africa is uncertain. To define the prevalence and genetic diversity of type I and II pili among invasive pneumococci in Malawi prior to the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into routine childhood immunization, we examined 188Streptococcus pneumoniaeisolates collected between 2002 and 2008 (17% serotype 1). In this region of high disease burden, we found a low frequency of invasive piliated pneumococci (14%) and pilus gene sequence diversity similar to that seen previously in multiple global pneumococcal lineages. All common serotypes with pilus were covered by PCV13 and so we predict that pilus prevalence will be reduced in the Malawian pneumococcal population after PCV13 introduction.

scholarly journals Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Niger: Increased Importance of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C, and a Decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae Following 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S133-S139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamadou Kourna Hama ◽  
Dam Khan ◽  
Boubou Laouali ◽  
Catherine Okoi ◽  
Abdoulaye Yam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Meningitis is endemic in Niger. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) were introduced in 2008 and 2014, respectively. Vaccination campaign against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A was carried out in 2010–2011. We evaluated changes in pathogen distribution using data from hospital-based surveillance in Niger from 2010 through 2016. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from children <5 years old with suspected meningitis were tested to detect vaccine-preventable bacterial pathogens. Confirmatory identification and serotyping/grouping of Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae were done. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed on S. pneumoniae isolates. Results The surveillance included 2580 patients with suspected meningitis, of whom 80.8% (2085/2580) had CSF collected. Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in 273 patients: 48% (131/273) was N. meningitidis, 45% (123/273) S. pneumoniae, and 7% (19/273) H. influenzae. Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis decreased from 34 in 2014, to 16 in 2016. PCV13 serotypes made up 88% (7/8) of S. pneumoniae meningitis prevaccination and 20% (5/20) postvaccination. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NmC) was responsible for 59% (10/17) of serogrouped N. meningitidis meningitis. Hib caused 67% (2/3) of the H. influenzae meningitis isolates serotyped. Penicillin resistance was found in 16% (4/25) of S. pneumoniae isolates. Sequence type 217 was the most common lineage among S. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusions Neisseria meningitidis and S. pneumoniae remain important causes of meningitis in children in Niger. The decline in the numbers of S. pneumoniae meningitis post-PCV13 is encouraging and should continue to be monitored. NmC is the predominant serogroup causing N. meningitidis meningitis.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Recovered from Hospitalized Adult Patients in the United States in 2009 to 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5595-5601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
Rosalind C. Hollingsworth ◽  
Andrew Costello ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
Raul E. Isturiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trends Over Time

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the serotype distribution and trends over time ofStreptococcus pneumoniaestrains associated with noninvasive infections among adult patients ≥18 years of age in the United States (2009 to 2012). A total of 2,927S. pneumoniaeisolates recovered from patients presenting with respiratory infections and obtained mainly (87.0%) from lower respiratory tract specimens (sputum) were included. The levels of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) serotypes remained stable over the 4-year study period (4.6% to 5.5%;P= 0.953). Overall, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotypes were identified in 32.7% of samples, declining from 33.7% to 35.5% in 2009 to 2011 to 28.2% in 2012 (P= 0.007), with a significant decrease in the levels of serotypes 7F (P= 0.013) and 6A (P= 0.010). The levels of 19A remained constant (15.8% to 17.1%) during 2009 to 2011, dropping to 12.2% in 2012 (P= 0.089). The prevalence of serotypes associated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), but not PCV13, remained generally stable; however, the prevalence of serotypes 15B and 15C (15B/15C) increased from 2.7% to 6.3% (P= 0.010). The proportion of nonvaccine serotypes increased gradually during the study period (P= 0.044), particularly for serotype 35B (from 3.6% in 2009 to 8.2% in 2012;P= 0.001). Nonsusceptibility rates for penicillin (susceptible breakpoint, ≤2 μg/ml) and clindamycin against PCV7 serotypes decreased over the period. These results suggest the emergence of indirect effects following introduction of PCV13 for infants and young children; continued surveillance is needed to assess the burden of PCV13 serotypes in the adult population after the implementation of age-based recommendations in the United States.

scholarly journals Capsule Switching and Antimicrobial Resistance Acquired during Repeated Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia Episodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 3318-3324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chang ◽  
Akiyoshi Nariai ◽  
Tsuyoshi Sekizuka ◽  
Yukihiro Akeda ◽  
Makoto Kuroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Content Type

Streptococcus pneumoniaecolonizes the nasopharyngeal mucus in healthy people and causes otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. In this study, we analyzed anS. pneumoniaestrain that caused 7 repeated pneumonia episodes in an 80-month-old patient with cerebral palsy during a period of 25 months. A total of 10S. pneumoniaestrains were obtained from sputum samples, and serotype 6B was isolated from samples from the first 5 episodes, whereas serotype 6A was isolated from samples from the last 2. Whole-genome sequencing showed clonality of the 10 isolates with 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genomes. Among these SNPs, one single point mutation in thewciPgene was presumed to relate to the serotype switching from 6B to 6A, and the other mutations inparCandgyrAwere related to fluoroquinolone resistance. These results suggested that anS. pneumoniaestrain, which asymptomatically colonized the patient's nasopharynx or was horizontally transmitted from an asymptomatic carrier, caused the repeated pneumonia events. Phenotypic variations in the capsule type and antimicrobial susceptibility occurred during the carrier state. Hyporesponsiveness to serotypes 6B and 6A ofS. pneumoniaewas found even after vaccination with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. After an additional vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, opsonic activities for both serotypes 6A and 6B significantly increased and are expected to prevent relapse by the same strain.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Meningitis Among Children in the Post-13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era: Three Case Reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neurological Sequel ◽  
Typable Strain

We report three cases under two years of age, of meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in vaccinated children. Two grew non-typable strain and the third serotype 10A. All improved with no neurological sequel. Continued monitoring of the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis within the post13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction is warranted.

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