scholarly journals Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Niger: Increased Importance of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C, and a Decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae Following 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S133-S139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamadou Kourna Hama ◽  
Dam Khan ◽  
Boubou Laouali ◽  
Catherine Okoi ◽  
Abdoulaye Yam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Meningitis is endemic in Niger. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) were introduced in 2008 and 2014, respectively. Vaccination campaign against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A was carried out in 2010–2011. We evaluated changes in pathogen distribution using data from hospital-based surveillance in Niger from 2010 through 2016. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from children <5 years old with suspected meningitis were tested to detect vaccine-preventable bacterial pathogens. Confirmatory identification and serotyping/grouping of Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae were done. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed on S. pneumoniae isolates. Results The surveillance included 2580 patients with suspected meningitis, of whom 80.8% (2085/2580) had CSF collected. Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in 273 patients: 48% (131/273) was N. meningitidis, 45% (123/273) S. pneumoniae, and 7% (19/273) H. influenzae. Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis decreased from 34 in 2014, to 16 in 2016. PCV13 serotypes made up 88% (7/8) of S. pneumoniae meningitis prevaccination and 20% (5/20) postvaccination. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NmC) was responsible for 59% (10/17) of serogrouped N. meningitidis meningitis. Hib caused 67% (2/3) of the H. influenzae meningitis isolates serotyped. Penicillin resistance was found in 16% (4/25) of S. pneumoniae isolates. Sequence type 217 was the most common lineage among S. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusions Neisseria meningitidis and S. pneumoniae remain important causes of meningitis in children in Niger. The decline in the numbers of S. pneumoniae meningitis post-PCV13 is encouraging and should continue to be monitored. NmC is the predominant serogroup causing N. meningitidis meningitis.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Meningitis Among Children in the Post-13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era: Three Case Reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neurological Sequel ◽  
Typable Strain

We report three cases under two years of age, of meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in vaccinated children. Two grew non-typable strain and the third serotype 10A. All improved with no neurological sequel. Continued monitoring of the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis within the post13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction is warranted.

scholarly journals Etiology of Bacterial Meningitis Among Children <5 Years Old in Côte d’Ivoire: Findings of Hospital-based Surveillance Before and After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S114-S120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Boni-Cisse ◽  
Sheikh Jarju ◽  
Rowan E Bancroft ◽  
Nicaise A Lepri ◽  
Hamidou Kone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Type B ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Abstract Background Bacterial meningitis remains a major disease affecting children in Côte d’Ivoire. Thus, with support from the World Health Organization (WHO), Côte d’Ivoire has implemented pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) surveillance at 2 sentinel hospitals in Abidjan, targeting the main causes of PBM: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus). Herein we describe the epidemiological characteristics of PBM observed in Côte d’Ivoire during 2010–2016. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from children aged <5 years admitted to the Abobo General Hospital or University Hospital Center Yopougon with suspected meningitis. Microbiology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to detect the presence of pathogens in CSF. Where possible, serotyping/grouping was performed to determine the specific causative agents. Results Overall, 2762 cases of suspected meningitis were reported, with CSF from 39.2% (1083/2762) of patients analyzed at the WHO regional reference laboratory in The Gambia. In total, 82 (3.0% [82/2762]) CSF samples were positive for bacterial meningitis. Pneumococcus was the main pathogen responsible for PBM, accounting for 69.5% (52/82) of positive cases. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes 5, 18C, 19F, and 6A/B were identified post–vaccine introduction. Emergence of H. influenzae nontypeable meningitis was observed after H. influenzae type b vaccine introduction. Conclusions Despite widespread use and high coverage of conjugate vaccines, pneumococcal vaccine serotypes and H. influenzae type b remain associated with bacterial meningitis among children aged <5 years in Côte d’Ivoire. This reinforces the need for enhanced surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases to determine the prevalence of bacterial meningitis and vaccine impact across the country.

scholarly journals Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Nigeria From 2010 to 2016, Prior to and During the Phased Introduction of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S81-S88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beckie N Tagbo ◽  
Rowan E Bancroft ◽  
Iretiola Fajolu ◽  
Mohammed B Abdulkadir ◽  
Muhammad F Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Historically, Nigeria has experienced large bacterial meningitis outbreaks with high mortality in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), and Haemophilus influenzae are major causes of this invasive disease. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, we conducted longitudinal surveillance in sentinel hospitals within Nigeria to establish the burden of pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM). Methods From 2010 to 2016, cerebrospinal fluid was collected from children &lt;5 years of age, admitted to 5 sentinel hospitals in 5 Nigerian states. Microbiological and latex agglutination techniques were performed to detect the presence of pneumococcus, meningococcus, and H. influenzae. Species-specific polymerase chain reaction and serotyping/grouping were conducted to determine specific causative agents of PBM. Results A total of 5134 children with suspected meningitis were enrolled at the participating hospitals; of these 153 (2.9%) were confirmed PBM cases. The mortality rate for those infected was 15.0% (23/153). The dominant pathogen was pneumococcus (46.4%: 71/153) followed by meningococcus (34.6%: 53/153) and H. influenzae (19.0%: 29/153). Nearly half the pneumococcal meningitis cases successfully serotyped (46.4%: 13/28) were caused by serotypes that are included in the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The most prevalent meningococcal and H. influenzae strains were serogroup W and serotype b, respectively. Conclusions Vaccine-type bacterial meningitis continues to be common among children &lt;5 years in Nigeria. Challenges with vaccine introduction and coverage may explain some of these finding. Continued surveillance is needed to determine the distribution of serotypes/groups of meningeal pathogens across Nigeria and help inform and sustain vaccination policies in the country.

scholarly journals Impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis in children up to two years of age in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indianara Maria Grando ◽  
Camile de Moraes ◽  
Brendan Flannery ◽  
Walter Massa Ramalho ◽  
Marco Aurélio P. Horta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae on the morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal meningitis in children ≤ 2 years in Brazil, from 2007 to 2012. This is a descriptive study and ecological analysis using data from the Information System on Notifiable Diseases. Pre-vaccination (2007-2009) and post-vaccination (2011-2012) periods were defined to compare incidence rates and mortality. A total of 1,311 cases and 430 deaths were reported during the study period. Incidence decreased from 3.70/100,000 in 2007 to 1.84/100,000 in 2012, and mortality decreased from 1.30/100,000 to 0.40/100,000, or 50% and 69% respectively, with the greatest impact in the 6-11 month age group. This decrease in Pneumococcal meningitis morbidity and mortality rates two years after introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine suggests its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Antibody Persistence in Young Children 5 Years after Vaccination with a Combined Haemophilus influenzae Type b-Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Conjugate Vaccine Coadministered with Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis-Based and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 555-563
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Tejedor ◽  
Jerzy Brzostek ◽  
Ryszard Konior ◽  
Detlef Grunert ◽  
Devayani Kolhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type B ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antibody Persistence

We evaluated antibody persistence in children up to 5 years after administration of a combinedHaemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib)-Neisseria meningitidisserogroup C (MenC)-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate vaccine coadministered with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. This is the follow-up study of a randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT00334334/00463437) in which healthy children were vaccinated (primary vaccinations at 2, 4, and 6 months of age and booster vaccination at 11 to 18 months of age) with Hib-MenC-TT or a control MenC conjugate vaccine, coadministered with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa)-based combination vaccines (DTPa/Hib for control groups) and a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (10-valent pneumococcal nontypeableH. influenzaeprotein D conjugate vaccine [PHiD-CV] or 7-valent cross-reacting material 197 [CRM197] conjugate vaccine [7vCRM]). MenC antibody titers were measured with a serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay using rabbit complement (i.e., rabbit SBA [rSBA]), and antibodies against Hib polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody persistence up to 5 years after booster vaccination is reported for 530 children ∼6 years of age. The percentages of children with seroprotective rSBA-MenC titers were between 24.2% and 40.1% in all groups approximately 5 years after booster vaccination. More than 98.5% of children in each group retained seroprotective anti-PRP concentrations. No vaccine-related serious adverse events and no events related to a lack of vaccine efficacy were reported. Approximately 5 years after booster vaccination, the majority of children retained seroprotective anti-PRP antibody concentrations. The percentage of children retaining seroprotective rSBA-MenC titers was low (≤40%), suggesting that a significant proportion of children may be unprotected against MenC disease. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00891176.)

scholarly journals Changes in the Molecular Epidemiology of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in Senegal After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S156-S163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouhamadou A Sonko ◽  
Felix S Dube ◽  
Catherine Bi Okoi ◽  
Amadou Diop ◽  
Aliou Thiongane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sentinel Site ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractBackgroundBacterial meningitis is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age. Senegal is part of World Health Organization–coordinated sentinel site surveillance for pediatric bacterial meningitis surveillance. We conducted this analysis to describe the epidemiology and etiology of bacterial meningitis among children less than 5 years in Senegal from 2010 and to 2016.MethodsChildren who met the inclusion criteria for suspected meningitis at the Centre Hospitalier National d’Enfants Albert Royer, Senegal, from 2010 to 2016 were included. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from suspected cases examined by routine bacteriology and molecular assays. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing were performed.ResultsA total of 1013 children were admitted with suspected meningitis during the surveillance period. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus accounted for 66% (76/115), 25% (29/115), and 9% (10/115) of all confirmed cases, respectively. Most of the suspected cases (63%; 639/1013) and laboratory-confirmed (57%; 66/115) cases occurred during the first year of life. Pneumococcal meningitis case fatality rate was 6-fold higher than that of meningococcal meningitis (28% vs 5%). The predominant pneumococcal lineage causing meningitis was sequence type 618 (n = 7), commonly found among serotype 1 isolates. An ST 2174 lineage that included serotypes 19A and 23F was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.ConclusionsThere has been a decline in pneumococcal meningitis post–pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Senegal. However, disease caused by pathogens covered by vaccines in widespread use still persists. There is need for continued effective monitoring of vaccine-preventable meningitis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document