scholarly journals Noncontiguous Finished Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus KLT6, a Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Positive Strain Involved in a Food Poisoning Outbreak in Switzerland

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tobes ◽  
M. Manrique ◽  
M. Brozynska ◽  
R. Stephan ◽  
E. Pareja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Positive Strain ◽  
Enterotoxin B

scholarly journals Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) toxin of Staphylococcus aureus and the detection methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Hoài Thu ◽  
Nghiêm Ngọc Minh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Enterotoxin B ◽  
Basic Features

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) secreted by Staphylococcus aureus is one of the principal causes of food poisoning. The SEs are superantigens; they are highly stable, resisting most proteolytic enzymes and thus keeping activity in the gastrointestinal tract after being ingestion. In particular, heat-stable enterotoxin is one of the most important property related to food safety. They are not degraded at 100°C for 30 minutes, even at 121oC for 28 minutes, the SEs retain biological activity. Heat resistance of SEs in foods is higher than in the culture medium. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) produces more than 20 different types of enterotoxins, including SEA to SEE, SEG to SER and SEU. Among these, Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a powerful toxin, heat-stable, water-soluble and is a common cause of food poisoning. Moreover, SEB is one of the harmful or hazardous agents used as biological weapons in bioterrorism or biological warfare. Therefore, determining presence of SEB toxin in food is extremely important. In this review, we introduce the most basic features about S. aureus; about SEB toxin and conventional methods for SEB diagnosis, detection. Especially, we focus on rapid detection strip based on an immunochromatography; this technique is an highly sensitive, rapid, easy for use and storage.

scholarly journals Screening of hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) derived from Staphylococcus aureus

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Nghiêm Ngọc Minh ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Hoài Thu ◽  
Phạm Thùy Linh ◽  
Thân Đức Dương ◽  
Vũ Thị Thu Hằng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Recombinant Antigen ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Enterotoxin B ◽  
High Level

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) produces 11 types of toxins and more than 20 different Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), including SEA to SEE, SEG to SER and SEU. Among them, enterotoxin type B (Staphylococcal enterotoxin B - SEB) is quite heat stable and causes gastrointestinal diseases in food poisoning. The symptoms of SEB intoxication begin with the onset of sudden fever, about 40oC to 41oC, chills, headache, muscle aches and dry cough. Some patients feel shortness of breath and chest pain. Although SEB is not considered lethal, high level of exposure can lead to shock and death. Therefore, a nontoxic SEB recombinant antigen was produced to immunize mice to create B lymphocytes. Myeloma cells were fused with the B lymphocytes to generate  hybridoma lines. The screening of monoclonal antibodies for the SEB antigen was determined by ELISA and Western blot tests. This study demonstrates that an SEB recombinant antigen can immunize a response against SEB in BALB/c mice. The production of monoclonal antibodies will be used to make a rapid detection strip for SEB based on immunochromatography.

scholarly journals Acute Systemic Immune Activation following Conjunctival Exposure to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 6016-6019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindarajan Rajagopalan ◽  
Michele K. Smart ◽  
Robin Patel ◽  
Chella S. David
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Human Leukocyte Antigen Class ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Systemic Immune Activation ◽  
Enterotoxin B ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Conjunctival exposure to the Staphylococcus aureus superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) may occur accidentally, as a result of bioterrorism, or during colonization or infection of the external eye. Using human leukocyte antigen class II transgenic mice, we show for the first time that conjunctival exposure to SEB can cause robust systemic immune activation.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Encode Variant Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Proteins That Are Diverse in Superantigenicity and Lethality

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e41157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra L. Kohler ◽  
Seth D. Greenwood ◽  
Suba Nookala ◽  
Malak Kotb ◽  
David M. Kranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Enterotoxin B

scholarly journals Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Milk and Milk Products Using Immunodiagnostic Lateral Flow Devices

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Boyle ◽  
Joyce M Njoroge ◽  
Robert L Jones ◽  
Maryann Principato
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Hook Effect ◽  
Enterotoxin B

Abstract Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is an extracellular pyrotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, a known etiologic agent of food poisoning in humans. Lateral flow immunochromatographic devices (LFDs) designed for the environmental detection of SEB were adapted for use in this study to detect SEB in milk containing 2 fat, chocolate-flavored milk, and milk-derived products such as yogurt, infant formula, and ice cream. The advantage of using LFDs in these particular food products was its ease and speed of use with no additional extraction methods needed. No false positives were observed with any of the products used in this study. Dilution of the samples overcame the Hook effect and permitted capillary flow into the membrane. Thus, semisolid products such as ice cream and some yogurts, and products containing thickeners needed to be diluted using a phosphate-buffered saline-based buffer, pH 7.2. SEB was easily detected at concentrations of 5 g/mL and 500 ng/mL when the LFDs were used. SEB was also reliably detected at concentrations below 5 and 0.25 ng/mL, which may induce serious disease.

The Potential Role of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Rats with Postburn Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis

Shock ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Yun Li ◽  
Yong-Ming Yao ◽  
Zhi-Guo Shi ◽  
Ning Dong ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Enterotoxin B

scholarly journals ROLE OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF POSTBURN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SEPSIS

Shock ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Yong-Ming Yao ◽  
Hong-Yun Li ◽  
Zhi-Guo Shi ◽  
Ning Dong ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Enterotoxin B

scholarly journals Isotype Switching Increases Efficacy of Antibody Protection against Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Lethal Shock and Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis in Mice

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avanish K. Varshney ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Jorge L. Aguilar ◽  
Matthew D. Scharff ◽  
Bettina C. Fries
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lethal Shock ◽  
Enterotoxin B

ABSTRACTStaphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent toxin that is produced byStaphylococcus aureusstrains and is classified as a category B select agent. We have previously shown that monoclonal antibody (MAb) 20B1, a murine anti-SEB IgG1, successfully treats SEB-induced lethal shock (SEBILS) and bacteremia that is caused by SEB-producingS. aureus. In this study, we have generated two isotype switch variants of the original IgG1 MAb 20B1, an IgG2a and IgG2b, both bearing the same variable region sequence, and compared their neutralizing and protective activity inin vitroandin vivoassays, respectively. All 3 isotypes demonstrated comparable affinity to SEB and comparable 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) in T cell proliferation assays.In vivo, however, the IgG2a isotype variant of 20B1 exhibited significantly greater protection than IgG1 or IgG2b in murine SEB intoxication andS. aureussepsis models. Protection was associated with downmodulation of inflammatory host response. Our data demonstrate that changing the isotype of already protective MAbs, without affecting their antigen specificity or sensitivity, can result in an enhancement of their protective ability. Isotype selection, therefore, should be carefully considered in the development of toxin-neutralizing MAbs and the design of antibody therapeutics.IMPORTANCEThe purpose of this study was to enhance the protective efficacy of an existing, protective monoclonal antibody against staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Using twoin vivomouse models, our study demonstrates that the protective efficacy of a monoclonal antibody may be improved by inducing an isotype switch at the Fc region of an antibody, without altering the antigen specificity or sensitivity of the antibody. The development of therapeutic MAbs with higher efficacy may allow for the achievement of equal therapeutic benefit with a lower dosage. In turn, the use of lower doses may reduce the cost of these therapies, while reducing the potential for adverse side effects.

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