ROLE OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF POSTBURN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SEPSIS

Abstract Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), which is produced by the major human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, represents a powerful superantigenic toxin and is considered a bioweapon. However, the contribution of SEB to S. aureus pathogenesis has never been directly demonstrated with genetically defined mutants in clinically relevant strains. Many isolates of the predominant Asian community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus lineage sequence type (ST) 59 harbor seb, implying a significant role of SEB in the observed hypervirulence of this lineage. We created an isogenic seb mutant in a representative ST59 isolate and assessed its virulence potential in mouse infection models. We detected a significant contribution of seb to systemic ST59 infection that was associated with a cytokine storm. Our results directly demonstrate that seb contributes to S. aureus pathogenesis, suggesting the value of including SEB as a target in multipronged antistaphylococcal drug development strategies. Furthermore, they indicate that seb contributes to fatal exacerbation of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection.

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Memory T cells are anergic to the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.176.2.575 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 176 (2) ◽

pp. 575-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

W T Lee ◽

E S Vitetta

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Memory T Cells ◽

Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽

Peripheral Tolerance ◽

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽

Enterotoxin B

We have used staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) to study the role of naive and memory T cells in the induction of peripheral tolerance. After administration of SEB to mice, the numbers of naive and memory T cells increase, as does the proportion of memory T cells, which are unresponsive to further stimulation with SEB in vitro. In addition, memory T cells generated in response to conventional antigen, which proliferate and provide help to B cells in the presence of the conventional antigen, fail to respond to superantigen. Hence, memory T cells, in general, are anergized by SEB. These results suggest that SEB-induced activation and anergy reflect the combined responses of naive and memory T cells. The differential activation vs. anergy of naive and memory T cells by superantigen may be related to cytokine production and may play an important role in the etiology of autoimmune diseases or immunodeficiency diseases such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

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Role of Endogenous Interleukin-12 in Immune Response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.69.9.5949-5952.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. 5949-5952 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fanny N. Lauw ◽

Sandrine Florquin ◽

Peter Speelman ◽

Sander J. H. van Deventer ◽

Tom van der Poll

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽

Interleukin 12 ◽

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽

Induced Responses ◽

Independent Mechanism ◽

Enterotoxin B

ABSTRACT In the present study, the roles of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-18 and their possible interaction during superantigen-induced responses were studied by injection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) into mice. These data suggest that the role of IL-12 in SEB-induced responses is limited to sustaining gamma interferon release by an IL-18-independent mechanism.

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Possible Role of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases

Viral Immunology ◽

10.1089/vim.2015.0017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 354-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jing Li ◽

Jie Yang ◽

Yu-wei Lu ◽

Song Wu ◽

Ming-rui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽

Enterotoxin B

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Role of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B on the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells in Nasal Polyposis

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.2500/ajra.2014.28.3995 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. e17-e24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Soo-Na Cho ◽

Chang-Hwa Song ◽

Jun Jin ◽

Sung Ha Kim ◽

Ki-Sang Rha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Regulatory T Cells ◽

Nasal Polyposis ◽

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽

Enterotoxin B

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Acute Systemic Immune Activation following Conjunctival Exposure to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00671-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 74 (10) ◽

pp. 6016-6019 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Govindarajan Rajagopalan ◽

Michele K. Smart ◽

Robin Patel ◽

Chella S. David

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Immune Activation ◽

Human Leukocyte Antigen Class ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽

Leukocyte Antigen ◽

Systemic Immune Activation ◽

Enterotoxin B ◽

First Time

ABSTRACT Conjunctival exposure to the Staphylococcus aureus superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) may occur accidentally, as a result of bioterrorism, or during colonization or infection of the external eye. Using human leukocyte antigen class II transgenic mice, we show for the first time that conjunctival exposure to SEB can cause robust systemic immune activation.

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