scholarly journals Division of single host cells after infection with chlamydiae.

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
K D Horoschak ◽  
J W Moulder
Keyword(s):  
Host Cells ◽  
Single Host

scholarly journals Cyanobiont-bearing Dinoflagellate Ornithocercus in Temperate Coastal Waters: Cyanobiont Genetic Diversity and Host Specificity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miran Kim ◽  
Dong Choi ◽  
Myung Park
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Miseq Platform ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Abstract Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in marine environments and play an important role as primary producers. Some cyanobacteria, the so called cyanobionts (cyanobacterial symbionts), have a symbiotic relationship with unicellular organisms. Among these relationships, in particular, the nature (e.g., genetic diversity, host or cyanobiont specificity, and cyanobionts seasonality) of the cyanobionts-dinoflagellate host consortia remain poorly understood. In this study, 16S rDNA of cyanobionts in a total of 138 single host cells isolated over four seasons in temperate waters were sequenced using the MiSeq platform. Genetic analysis of cyanobionts from the dinoflagellate host Ornithocercus revealed that three genetic types of Synechococcales cyanobionts occurred at a wide range of water temperatures (11–24°C) and their distribution seems to be closely associated with the variation in salinity. Furthermore, this study showed the presence of some degree of host (or cyanobiont) specificity in cyanobionts (or host) among Ornithocercus species as well as among other dinophysoid species (i.e. Amphisolenia, Citharistes, and Histioneis). In addition to Synechococcales cyanobionts, this study identified some OTU sequences affiliated with the Vampirovibrionales and Chroococcidiopsidales in some Ornithocercus cells, suggesting that Ornithocercus species seem to be an additional new habitat for those bacterial groups.

scholarly journals Expression of a Single, Host-Specific, Bacterial Pathogenicity Gene in Plant Cells Elicits Division, Enlargement, and Cell Death

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Duan ◽  
A. Castañeda ◽  
G. Zhao ◽  
G. Erdos ◽  
D. W. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenicity ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Protein Secretion System ◽  
Type Iii Protein Secretion ◽  
Specific Symptoms

A fundamental question about microbial pathogens is how they elicit host-specific symptoms. We report here that expression of a single gene from a plant-pathogenic bacterium in plant cells elicits host-specific symptoms diagnostic of the disease caused by the pathogen. Expression of pthA from Xanthomonas citri in citrus cells is sufficient to cause division, enlargement, and death of host cells. Since elicitation of these symptoms depends on a functional type III protein secretion system in X. citri, we deduce that the PthA protein is a specific plant signal, its site of action is inside the plant cell, and it is a major determinant of host range.

scholarly journals Novel Protocol for Estimating Viruses Specifically Infecting the Marine Planktonic Diatoms

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Yuji Tomaru ◽  
Kei Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Culture Method ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Planktonic Diatoms ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Ssrna Virus ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Ssdna Viruses

Since their discovery, at least 15 diatom viruses have been isolated and characterised using a culture method with two cycles of extinction dilution. However, the method is time consuming and laborious, and it isolates only the most dominant virus in a water sample. Recent studies have suggested inter-species host specificity of diatom viruses. Here, we describe a new protocol to estimate previously unrecognised host-virus relationships. Host cell cultures after inoculation of natural sediment pore water samples were obtained before complete lysis. The proliferated viral genomes in the host cells were amplified using degenerate primer pairs targeting protein replication regions of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses, and then sequenced. Diverse ssRNA virus types within known diatom virus group were detected from inoculated Chaetoceros tenuissimus and C. setoensis cells. A previously unknown ssDNA virus type was detected in inoculated C. tenuissimus cells, but not in C. setoensis cells. Despite the possible protocol biases, for example non-specific adsorptions of virions onto the host cells, the present method helps to estimate the viruses infectious to a single host species. Further improvements to this protocol targeting the proliferated viral genomes might reveal unexpected diatom–virus ecological relationships.

scholarly journals Dynamic modelling of viral impact on cyanobacterial populations in shallow lakes: implications of burst size

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman J. Gons ◽  
Hans L. Hoogveld ◽  
Stefan G.H. Simis ◽  
Marjolijn Tijdens
Keyword(s):  
Burst Size ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Ecological Implication ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Water Columns ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Large Burst

Laboratory experiments with whole water-columns from shallow, eutrophic lakes repeatedly showed collapse of the predominant filamentous cyanobacteria. The collapse could be due to viral activity, from the evidence of electron microscopy of infected cyanobacterial cells and observed dynamics of virus-like particles. Burst-size effects on single-host single-virus dynamics was modelled for nutrient-replete growth of the cyanobacteria and fixed viral decay rate in the water column. The model combined previously published equations for nutrient-replete cyanobacterial growth and virus–host relationship. According to the model results, burst sizes greater than 200 to 400 virions per cell would result in host extinction, whereas lower numbers would allow coexistence, and even stable population densities of host and virus. High-nutrient status of the host cells might accommodate a large burst size. The ecological implication could be that burst-size increase accompanying a transition from phosphorus to light-limited cyanobacterial growth might destabilize the virus–host interaction and result in the population collapse observed in the experiments.

Intracellular Parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia besnoiti, Unveiled in Single Host Cells Using AP-SMALDI MS Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1815-1824
Author(s):  
Patrik Kadesch ◽  
Tobias Hollubarsch ◽  
Stefanie Gerbig ◽  
Lars Schneider ◽  
Liliana M. R. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti ◽  
Ms Imaging ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Single Host

scholarly journals MULTIPLE VIRUS INFECTION OF SINGLE HOST CELLS

1947 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome T. Syverton ◽  
George Packer Berry
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Multiple Virus ◽  
Corneal Cells

Evidence is presented to show that two or more viruses can simultaneously manifest their characteristic activities within individual epithelial cells of the normal rabbit's cornea. This evidence, together with that previously presented (1, 5, 6), makes plain that multiple virus infection of a single host cell can take place in corneal cells, in the cells of chick embryos, and in those of rabbit tumors, both benign (Shope's papilloma) and malignant. Certain implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Bacterial filamentation is an in vivo mechanism for cell-to-cell spreading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan D Tran ◽  
Munira Aman Ali ◽  
Davin Lee ◽  
Marie-Anne Felix ◽  
Robert J Luallen
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Direct Invasion ◽  
Single Host

Intracellular pathogens are challenged with limited space and resources while replicating in a single host cell. Mechanisms for direct invasion of neighboring host cells have been discovered in cell culture, but we lack an understanding of how bacteria directly spread from cell-to-cell in vivo. We have discovered a bacterial species that uses filamentation as an in vivo mechanism for intracellular spreading between the intestinal epithelial cells of its host, the rhabditid nematode Oscheius tipulae. In vitro and in vivo filamentation by this bacterium, Bordetella atropi, requires a conserved nutrient-sensing pathway used by divergent bacteria to detect rich conditions and inhibit the divisome. Thus, B. atropi uses a novel mechanism for cell-to-cell spreading by coopting a pathway that regulates bacterial cell size to trigger filamentation inside host cells.

scholarly journals Escalating Threat Levels of Bacterial Infection Can Be Discriminated by Distinct MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Dynamics in Single Host Cells

Cell Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-196.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keara Lane ◽  
Marta Andres-Terre ◽  
Takamasa Kudo ◽  
Denise M. Monack ◽  
Markus W. Covert
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Signaling Dynamics ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Threat Levels
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