Colony Spreading in Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT Wild-type Staphylococcus aureus rapidly expands on the surface of soft agar plates. The rates of expansion and the shapes of the resultant giant colonies were distinct for different strains of laboratory stocks and clinical isolates. The colony spreading abilities did not correlate with the biofilm-forming abilities in these strains. Insertional disruption of the dltABCD operon, which functions at the step of d-alanine addition to teichoic acids, and of the tagO gene, which is responsible for the synthesis of wall teichoic acids, decreased the colony spreading ability. The results indicate that wall teichoic acids and d-alanylation of teichoic acids are required for colony spreading.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus requires glycosylated wall teichoic acids.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717962951.793465004 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Whitfield

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Teichoic Acids ◽

Wall Teichoic Acids

Download Full-text

Colony spreading of the gliding bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae in the absence of the motility adhesin SprB

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79762-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Keiko Sato ◽

Masami Naya ◽

Yuri Hatano ◽

Yoshio Kondo ◽

Mari Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Agar ◽

Gliding Motility ◽

Wild Type ◽

Initial Cell ◽

Flavobacterium Johnsoniae ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

Colony Spreading ◽

Gliding Bacterium ◽

Mutant Cells ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractColony spreading of Flavobacterium johnsoniae is shown to include gliding motility using the cell surface adhesin SprB, and is drastically affected by agar and glucose concentrations. Wild-type (WT) and ΔsprB mutant cells formed nonspreading colonies on soft agar, but spreading dendritic colonies on soft agar containing glucose. In the presence of glucose, an initial cell growth-dependent phase was followed by a secondary SprB-independent, gliding motility-dependent phase. The branching pattern of a ΔsprB colony was less complex than the pattern formed by the WT. Mesoscopic and microstructural information was obtained by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy (ASEM) and transmission EM, respectively. In the growth-dependent phase of WT colonies, dendritic tips spread rapidly by the movement of individual cells. In the following SprB-independent phase, leading tips were extended outwards by the movement of dynamic windmill-like rolling centers, and the lipoproteins were expressed more abundantly. Dark spots in WT cells during the growth-dependent spreading phase were not observed in the SprB-independent phase. Various mutations showed that the lipoproteins and the motility machinery were necessary for SprB-independent spreading. Overall, SprB-independent colony spreading is influenced by the lipoproteins, some of which are involved in the gliding machinery, and medium conditions, which together determine the nutrient-seeking behavior.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Activities of 13 Fluoroquinolones againstStaphylococcus aureus Isolates with Characterized Mutations in gyrA, gyrB, grlA, andnorA and against Wild-Type Isolates

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.43.4.966 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 966-968 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. L. Muñoz Bellido ◽

M. A. Alonso Manzanares ◽

G. Yagüe Guirao ◽

M. N. Gutiérrez Zufiaurre ◽

M. C. M. Toldos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Wild Type

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of 13 fluoroquinolones (FQs) were tested against 90 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: 30 wild type for gyrA, gyrB, grlA andnorA and 60 with mutations in these genes. Clinafloxacin (CI-960), sparfloxacin, and grepafloxacin were the most active FQs against wild-type isolates (MICs at which 90% of isolates were inhibited, 0.06 to 0.1 μg/ml). Mutations in grlA did not affect the MICs of newer FQs. grlA-gyrA double mutations led to higher MICs for all the FQs tested. Efflux mechanisms affected the newer FQs to a much lesser extent than the less recently developed FQs.

Download Full-text

Dual Roles of FmtA in Staphylococcus aureus Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Autolysis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00187-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 3797-3805 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Aneela Qamar ◽

Dasantila Golemi-Kotra

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Wall Stress ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Dual Roles ◽

Content Type ◽

Teichoic Acids ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Wall Teichoic Acids

ABSTRACTThefmtAgene is a member of theStaphylococcus aureuscore cell wall stimulon. The FmtA protein interacts with β-lactams through formation of covalent species. Here, we show that FmtA has weakd-Ala-d-Ala-carboxypeptidase activity and is capable of covalently incorporating C14-Gly into cell walls. The fluorescence microscopy study showed that the protein is localized to the cell division septum. Furthermore, we show that wall teichoic acids interact specifically with FmtA and mediate recruitment of FmtA to theS. aureuscell wall. Subjection ofS. aureusto FmtA concentrations of 0.1 μM or less induces autolysis and biofilm production. This effect requires the presence of wall teichoic acids. At FmtA concentrations greater than 0.2 μM, autolysis and biofilm formation inS. aureusare repressed and growth is enhanced. Our findings indicate dual roles of FmtA inS. aureusgrowth, whereby at low concentrations, FmtA may modulate the activity of the major autolysin (AtlA) ofS. aureusand, at high concentrations, may participate in synthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan. These two roles of FmtA may reflect dual functions of FmtA in the absence and presence of cell wall stress, respectively.

Download Full-text

Staphylococcus aureus Mutants Lacking the LytR-CpsA-Psr Family of Enzymes Release Cell Wall Teichoic Acids into the Extracellular Medium

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00544-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 195 (20) ◽

pp. 4650-4659 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Y. G. Y. Chan ◽

M. B. Frankel ◽

V. Dengler ◽

O. Schneewind ◽

D. Missiakas

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Extracellular Medium ◽

Teichoic Acids ◽

Wall Teichoic Acids

Download Full-text

Adsorption of Staphylococcus viruses S13′ and S24-1 on Staphylococcus aureus strains with different glycosidic linkage patterns of wall teichoic acids

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/jgv.0.000865 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 98 (8) ◽

pp. 2171-2180 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jumpei Uchiyama ◽

Maya Taniguchi ◽

Kenji Kurokawa ◽

Iyo Takemura-Uchiyama ◽

Takako Ujihara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Glycosidic Linkage ◽

Teichoic Acids ◽

Wall Teichoic Acids

Download Full-text

Erratum: Corrigendum: Wall teichoic acids mediate increased virulence in Staphylococcus aureus

Nature Microbiology ◽

10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.48 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefanie Wanner ◽

Jessica Schade ◽

Daniela Keinhörster ◽

Nicola Weller ◽

Shilpa E. George ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Teichoic Acids ◽

Wall Teichoic Acids

Download Full-text

In Vitro Activities of Novel Nonfluorinated Quinolones PGE 9262932 and PGE 9509924 against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae with Defined Mutations in DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.46.6.1651-1657.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1651-1657 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mark E. Jones ◽

Ian A. Critchley ◽

James A. Karlowsky ◽

Renée S. Blosser-Middleton ◽

Franz-Josef Schmitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Dna Gyrase ◽

Quinolone Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Wild Type ◽

Topoisomerase Iv ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT Two 8-methoxy nonfluorinated quinolones (NFQs), PGE 9262932 and PGE 9509924, were tested against contemporary clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (n = 122) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 69) with genetically defined quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs). For S. aureus isolates with wild-type (WT) sequences at the QRDRs, the NFQs demonstrated activities 4- to 32-fold more potent (MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited [MIC90s], 0.03 μg/ml) than those of moxifloxacin (MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml), gatifloxacin (MIC90, 0.25 μg/ml), levofloxacin (MIC90, 0.25 μg/ml), and ciprofloxacin (MIC90, 1 μg/ml). Against S. pneumoniae isolates with WT sequences at gyrA and parC, the NFQs PGE 9262932 (MIC90, 0.03 μg/ml) and PGE 9509924 (MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml) were 8- to 64-fold and 2- to 16-fold more potent, respectively, than moxifloxacin (MIC90, 0.25 μg/ml), gatifloxacin (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml), levofloxacin (MIC90, 2 μg/ml), and ciprofloxacin (MIC90, 2 μg/ml). The MICs of all agents were elevated for S. aureus isolates with alterations in GyrA (Glu88Lys or Ser84Leu) and GrlA (Ser80Phe) and S. pneumoniae isolates with alterations in GyrA (Ser81Phe or Ser81Tyr) and ParC (Ser79Phe or Lys137Asn). Fluoroquinolone MICs for S. aureus strains with double alterations in GyrA combined with double alterations in GrlA were ≥32 μg/ml, whereas the MICs of the NFQs for strains with these double alterations were 4 to 8 μg/ml. The PGE 9262932 and PGE 9509924 MICs for the S. pneumoniae isolates did not exceed 0.5 and 1 μg/ml, respectively, even for isolates with GyrA (Ser81Phe) and ParC (Ser79Phe) alterations, for which levofloxacin MICs were >16 μg/ml. No difference in the frequency of selection of mutations (<10−8 at four times the MIC) in wild-type or first-step mutant isolates of S. aureus or S. pneumoniae was detected for the two NFQs. On the basis of their in vitro activities, these NFQ agents show potential for the treatment of infections caused by isolates resistant to currently available fluoroquinolones.

Download Full-text