Detection of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype E Carried--Even in the Presence of High Titers of Anti-HBs Antibodies--by an Argentinean Patient of African Descent Who Had Received Vaccination against HBV

To determine whether maternofetal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common route of infection leading to chronic infection in west Africa, plasma samples, obtained at delivery from 1368 pregnant Ghanaian women and paired umbilical cord blood or newborn whole blood samples, were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and DNA. A 16 % prevalence of HBV chronic carriers, defined as detectable HBsAg and/or HBV DNA, was found, >80 % contained less than 1×104 IU ml−1 HBV DNA and 99 % were infected with genotype E strains. HBV maternofetal transmission was documented in 17 out of 204 (8.3 %) paired HBV carrier women–cord blood/newborn samples. The rate of transmission was 55 % and 3.3 % when maternal viral load was above or below 1×104 IU ml−1, respectively (P=0.0008). Maternofetal transmission of HBV genotype E was estimated to account for 8 % of the cases of chronic HBsAg carriers. Six women with low viral load at delivery (five <20 IU ml−1) and anti-HBe (hepatitis B e antigen) transmitted HBV. Surprisingly, while non-transmitted low viral load strains had 79 % mutations at position 1896 of HBV genome, transmitted strains were all wild-type despite anti-HBe presence (P=0.0041), suggesting the possible role of HBeAg as risk factor for HBV maternofetal transmission. The relative risk of maternofetal transmission was 2.4 when pregnant women carried high viral load and 11.5 when carrying wild-type strains at position 1896, irrespective of viral load. We conclude that viral load and pre-core wild-type at position 1896 are two independent risk factors for HBV genotype E maternofetal transmission, which remains a minor contributor to high prevalence of chronic infection.

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Relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and the precore mutant in anti-HBe(+) patients before and after liver transplantation (LT)

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/s0168-8278(02)80346-4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Ziv Ben-Ari ◽

Yaffa Ashur ◽

Nili Daudi ◽

Hemda Wiess ◽

Jaqueline Sulkes

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Genotype ◽

B Virus ◽

Before And After ◽

Precore Mutant

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A case of hepatitis B virus infection in Eritrean Diciotti migrant: phylogenetic analysis and ‘mirror effect’

Future Virology ◽

10.2217/fvl-2019-0034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 509-514

Author(s):

Giancarlo Ceccarelli ◽

Eleonora Cella ◽

Serena Vita ◽

Alessia Lai ◽

Erika Ebranati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Copy Number ◽

Mirror Effect ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽

Migrant Population ◽

Hbv Genotype ◽

B Virus ◽

Epidemiological Approach

A case of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an Eritrean migrant was described to provide an epidemiological approach based on phylogenetic analysis useful in developing countries with lacking information. Migrant, positive for HBsAg and HBeAg, carried HBV at high copy number. A sequence of HBV HBsAg region was used for phylogenetic relationships and genetic variability investigation. In the phylogenetic tree, the sequence corresponded to D2 HBV genotype and the cluster root dated 7 years ago. These data compared with the date of landing in Italy, suggest that he was infected at least 7 years before his arrival. This approach by ‘mirror effect’ allows the reconstruction of HBV epidemiology in the country of origin, analyzing the migrant population in the host country.

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Distinguishing hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype D from non-D by a simple PCR

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.03.003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 119 (2) ◽

pp. 183-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C Eroglu ◽

H Leblebicioglu ◽

M Gunaydin ◽

D Turan ◽

M Sunbul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Genotype ◽

B Virus

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Frequency of Hepatitis B Virus Resistance Mutations in Women Using Tenofovir Gel as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11060569 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 569

Author(s):

Cheryl Baxter ◽

Sinaye Ngcapu ◽

Jason T Blackard ◽

Eleanor A Powell ◽

Patricia K Penton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Systemic Exposure ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Dosing Regimen ◽

Hbv Genotype ◽

B Virus ◽

Tenofovir Gel ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

The Impact

Intermittent use of a single antiretroviral agent in the presence of a replicating virus could potentially increase the development of antiviral resistance. The pericoital, before-and-after sex, dosing regimen used in the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 tenofovir gel trial meant that women who were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) were exposed intermittently to tenofovir during their participation. The impact of this dosing regimen on HBV resistance was assessed by amplification of the HBV polymerase region from 37 stored plasma samples of women who were HBV surface antigen positive. All samples belonged to HBV genotype A. None of the known tenofovir resistance mutations (M240V/I, L180M, A194T, V214A, N238T) were identified in any individuals. While it is reassuring that no resistance mutations were found among women using topical tenofovir, the rapidly expanding access to oral tenofovir-containing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), with higher systemic exposure to the drug, makes monitoring for potential HBV drug resistance important.

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Complete Genome Sequence of a Precore-Defective Hepatitis B Virus Genotype D2 Strain Isolated in Bangladesh

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00083-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Md Golzar Hossain ◽

Md Muket Mahmud ◽

Md Arifur Rahman ◽

Sharmin Akter ◽

K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain Nazir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Complete Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Mutational Analysis ◽

Limited Information ◽

Virus Genotype ◽

Hbv Genotype ◽

B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomic mutations affect viral replication, disease progression, and diagnostic and vaccination efficiency. There is limited information regarding characterization and mutational analysis of HBV isolated in Bangladesh. Here, we report the complete nucleotide sequence of a precore-defective HBV genotype D2 strain isolated in Bangladesh.

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A new genotype of hepatitis B virus: complete genome and phylogenetic relatedness

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/0022-1317-81-1-67 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 590

Author(s):

Lieven Stuyver ◽

Sija De Gendt ◽

Caroline Van Geyt ◽

Fabien Zoulim ◽

Michael Fried ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Core Antigen ◽

Terminal Part ◽

Hbv Genotype ◽

Amino Terminal ◽

B Virus ◽

The Us ◽

Genotype A

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype was determined in a total of 121 plasma samples collected in France and the US from patients chronically infected with HBV. HBV genotype A was predominant in this collection, appearing in 66 samples (54%), while genotypes B, C, D, E and F occurred in 4 (3%), 14 (12%), 23 (19%), 1 (1%) and 0 (0%) of samples, respectively. However, the genotype of a total of 13 (11%) samples (2 from France, 11 from the US) could not be determined with the methodology used. Sequence analysis, and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome and the individual open reading frames, showed that the virus isolate from these samples was 3248 bp long and, phylogenetically, did not cluster with any of the known genotypes. This strain was provisionally called HBV genotype G. Virus isolates that were obtained from geographically separated regions like France and the US were closely related to each other. All virus strains analysed contained some characteristic differences when compared to genotype A: a translational stop codon at aa 2 and 28 of the preCore region; a 36 nt (12 aa) insert in the amino-terminal part of the Core antigen (HBcAg); a 2 aa deletion in the carboxy-terminal part of HBcAg; and a 1 aa deletion in the preS1 open reading frame. The deduced amino acid sequence of HBsAg suggests that this newly discovered genotype G strain belongs to serological group adw2.

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