Localization of Persistent Enterocytozoon bieneusiInfection in Normal Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) to the Hepatobiliary Tree

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian parasite recognized in human patients with AIDS. Recently, we identified a virtually identical organism causing a spontaneous infection associated with hepatobiliary and intestinal disease in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques. To examine the natural history of the infection, we examined captive rhesus macaques for E. bieneusi by PCR, in situ hybridization, and cytochemical techniques. PCR performed on fecal DNA detected enterocytozoon infection in 22 (16.7%) of 131 normal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), compared to 18 (33.8%) of 53 rhesus macaques experimentally inoculated with SIV. In normal rhesus macaques, persistence of infection was demonstrated for up to 262 days and was usually not associated with clinical signs. In six of seven normal rhesus animals, E. bieneusi was detected by PCR in bile obtained through percutaneous cholecystocentesis but not by in situ hybridization performed on endoscopic biopsies of duodenum and proximal jejunum.

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi as a Cause of Proliferative Serositis in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Immunodeficient Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2000-124-1480-ebaaco ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 124 (10) ◽

pp. 1480-1484

Author(s):

Laura V. Chalifoux ◽

Angela Carville ◽

Douglas Pauley ◽

Brendon Thompson ◽

Andrew A. Lackner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽

Ribosomal Gene ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Microsporidian Parasite ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Context.—Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequent microsporidian parasite of human patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is a significant cause of diarrhea and wasting. Recently, this organism has also been recognized as a spontaneous infection of several species of captive macaques. As in humans, E bieneusi frequently causes enteropathy and cholangiohepatitis in immunodeficient simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)–infected macaques. Objective.—To examine E bieneusi as an etiologic agent of nonsuppurative proliferative serositis in immunodeficient rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Design.—Retrospective analysis of necropsy material obtained from immunodeficient SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Results.—Examination of SIV-infected rhesus macaques (n = 225) revealed E bieneusi proliferative serositis in 7 of 16 cases of peritonitis of unknown origin. The organism could be identified by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction in sections of pleura and peritoneum obtained at necropsy. Serositis was always accompanied by moderate-to-severe infection of the alimentary tract, and morphologic evidence suggested dissemination through efferent lymphatics. Colabeling experiments revealed most infected cells to be cytokeratin positive and less frequently positive for the macrophage marker CD68. Sequencing of a 607–base pair segment of the small subunit ribosomal gene revealed 100% identity to sequences obtained from rhesus macaques (Genbank accession AF023245) and human patients (Genbank accession AF024657 and L16868). Conclusions.—These findings indicate that E bieneusi disseminates in immunodeficient macaques and may be a cause of peritonitis in the immunocompromised host.

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In situ hybridization: A molecular approach for the diagnosis of the microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon bieneusi

Human Pathology ◽

10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90300-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 54-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jorge N Velasquez ◽

Silvana Carnevale ◽

Jorge H Labbe ◽

Agustin Chertcoff ◽

Marta G Cabrera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽

Molecular Approach ◽

Microsporidian Parasite

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Transmission and Serial Propagation ofEnterocytozoon bieneusi from Humans and Rhesus Macaques in Gnotobiotic Piglets

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.66.11.5515-5519.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 66 (11) ◽

pp. 5515-5519 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ivanela Kondova ◽

Keith Mansfield ◽

Michael A. Buckholt ◽

Barry Stein ◽

Giovanni Widmer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Chronic Diarrhea ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Scientific Progress ◽

Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽

Oral Challenge ◽

Infected Piglet ◽

Gnotobiotic Piglets

ABSTRACT For over a decade Enterocytozoon bieneusi infections in people with AIDS have been linked with chronic diarrhea and wasting. The slow scientific progress in treating these infections is attributed to the inability of investigators to cultivate the parasite, which has also precluded evaluation of effective therapies. We report here successful serial transmissions of E. bieneusi from patients with AIDS and from macaques with AIDS to immunosuppressed gnotobiotic piglets. One infected piglet was still excreting spores at necropsy 50 days after an oral challenge. Spores in feces were detected microscopically by trichrome stain and by PCR and within enterocytes by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. E. bieneusiinfection induced no symptoms. The development of an animal model forE. bieneusi will open up new opportunities for investigating this parasite.

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Ultrastructural Morphology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Biliary Epithelium of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589803500408 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 292-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

L. V. Chalifoux ◽

J. MacKey ◽

A. Carville ◽

D. Shvetz ◽

K. C. Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽

Microsporidian Parasite ◽

Biliary Epithelium ◽

Host Cell Cytoplasm ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Precocious Development ◽

Electron Lucent

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian parasite found in humans with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A nearly identical organism was recently recognized in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta). Ultrastructural examination of this microsporidian parasite in biliary epithelium of rhesus macaques reveals characteristics unique to E. bieneusi, including 1) a lack of sporophorus vesicles or pansporoblastic membranes, 2) direct contact of all stages with the host-cell cytoplasm, 3) elongated nuclei present within proliferative and sporogonial stages, 4) late thickening of the sporogonial plasmodium plasmalemma, 5) electron-lucent inclusions present throughout the life cycle, 6) precocious development of electron dense discs before plasmodial division to sporoblasts, and 7) the presence of polar tube doublets within spores and sporoblasts visualized as 5–7 coils in section.

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Technique for culturing Macaca mulatta peripheral blood lymphocytes for fluorescence in situ hybridization of whole chromosome paints

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.03.012 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 653 (1-2) ◽

pp. 76-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D.M. Petibone ◽

S.M. Morris ◽

C.E. Hotchkiss ◽

D.R. Mattison ◽

J.D. Tucker

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Blood Lymphocytes

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Reassessment of the Roles of Integrase and the Central DNA Flap in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nuclear Import

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.76.23.12087-12096.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (23) ◽

pp. 12087-12096 ◽

Cited By ~ 109

Author(s):

Jeffrey D. Dvorin ◽

Peter Bell ◽

Gerd G. Maul ◽

Masahiro Yamashita ◽

Michael Emerman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Nuclear Import ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Central Polypurine Tract ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can infect nondividing cells productively because the nuclear import of viral nucleic acids occurs in the absence of cell division. A number of viral factors that are present in HIV-1 preintegration complexes (PICs) have been assigned functions in nuclear import, including an essential valine at position 165 in integrase (IN-V165) and the central polypurine tract (cPPT). In this article, we report a comparison of the replication and infection characteristics of viruses with disruptions in the cPPT and IN-V165. We found that viruses with cPPT mutations still replicated productively in both dividing and nondividing cells, while viruses with a mutation at IN-V165 did not. Direct observation of the subcellular localization of HIV-1 cDNAs by fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that cDNAs synthesized by both mutant viruses were readily detected in the nucleus. Thus, neither the cPPT nor the valine residue at position 165 of integrase is essential for the nuclear import of HIV-1 PICs.

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Human Ring Chromosomes – New Insights for their Clinical Significance

Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics ◽

10.2478/bjmg-2013-0013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 13-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R.S. Guilherme ◽

E Klein ◽

A.B. Hamid ◽

S Bhatt ◽

M Volleth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Ring Chromosome ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Ring Chromosomes ◽

Multicolor Banding ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽

Clinical Problems

Abstract Twenty-nine as yet unreported ring chromosomes were characterized in detail by cytogenetic and molecular techniques. For FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) previously published high resolution approaches such as multicolor banding (MCB), subcentromere-specific multi-color-FISH (cenM-FISH) and two to three-color-FISH applying locus-specific probes were used. Overall, ring chromosome derived from chromosomes 4 (one case), 10 (one case), 13 (five cases), 14, (three cases), 18 (two cases), 21 (eight cases), 22 (three cases), X (five cases) and Y (one case) were studied. Eight cases were detected prenatally, eight due developmental delay and dysmorphic signs, and nine in connection with infertility and/or Turner syndrome. In general, this report together with data from the literature, supports the idea that ring chromosome patients fall into two groups: group one with (severe) clinical signs and symptoms due to the ring chromosome and group two with no obvious clinical problems apart from infertility.

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