scholarly journals Definition of False-Positive Reactions in Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schröter ◽  
Heinz-Hubert Feucht ◽  
Peter Schäfer ◽  
Bernhard Zöllner ◽  
Susanne Polywka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Positive Reactions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Independent Confirmation

The rate of false-positive hepatitis C virus enzyme immunoassay results was determined to be at least 10% among 1,814 reactive serum samples based on (i) negative results in an independent confirmation assay, (ii) negative PCR results, and (iii) no patients developing clinical or biochemical signs of hepatitis during a 1-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Exposure of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA-Positive Recipients to HCV RNA-Positive Blood Donors Results in Rapid Predominance of a Single Donor Strain and Exclusion and/or Suppression of the Recipient Strain

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2059-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Laskus ◽  
Lian-Fu Wang ◽  
Marek Radkowski ◽  
Hugo Vargas ◽  
Marek Nowicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Single Donor ◽  
Different Strains

ABSTRACT We have analyzed three cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected recipients who received blood from HCV-infected donors. Two recipients were exposed to two different HCV RNA-positive donors, and one was exposed to a single donor. All parental genomes from the actual infecting units of blood and the recipients were defined, and their presence in the follow-up serum samples was determined using sensitive strain-specific assays. The strain from one of the donors was found to predominate in all recipients' serum samples collected throughout the follow-up period of 10 to 30 months. In two recipients exposed to two infected donors, the strain from the second donor was occasionally found at very low level. However, the original recipients' strains were not detected. Our observations show that HCV-infected individuals can be superinfected with different strains, and this event may lead to eradication or suppression of the original infecting strain. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that simultaneous exposure to multiple HCV strains may result in concomitant infection by more than one strain, although a single strain could rapidly establish its dominance. The results of the present study suggest the existence of competition among infecting HCV strains which determines the ultimate outcome of multiple HCV exposure.

Infectivity of Hepatitis C Virus in Plasma After Drying and Storing at Room Temperature

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleem Kamili ◽  
Kris Krawczynski ◽  
Karen McCaustland ◽  
Xiaofang Li ◽  
Miriam J. Alter
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Determine Effect

Objective.To determine effect of environmental exposure on the survival and infectivity of hepatitis C virus (HCV).Methods.Three aliquots of chimpanzee plasma containing HCV and proven infectious HCV inoculum were dried and stored at room temperature, 1 aliquot for 16 hours, 1 for 4 days, and 1 for 7 days. A chimpanzee (CH247) was sequentially inoculated intravenously with each of these experimental inocula, beginning with the material stored for 7 days. Each inoculation was separated by at least 18 weeks of follow-up to monitor for infection. The concentration of HCV RNA was measured and quasi species were sequenced for each experimental inoculum and in serum samples from CH247.Results.Evidence of HCV infection developed in CH247 only after inoculation with the material stored for 16 hours. No infection occurred after inoculation with the material stored for 7 days or 4 days. Compared with the original infectious chimpanzee plasma, the concentration of HCV RNA was 1 log lower in all 3 experimental inocula. The same predominant sequences were found in similar proportions in the original chimpanzee plasma and in the experimental inocula, as well as in serum samples from CH247.Conclusion.HCV in plasma can survive drying and environmental exposure to room temperature for at least 16 hours, which supports the results of recent epidemiologic investigations that implicated blood-contaminated inanimate surfaces, objects, and/or devices as reservoirs for patient-to-patient transmission of HCV. Healthcare professionals in all settings should review their aseptic techniques and infection control practices to ensure that they are being performed in a manner that prevents cross-contamination from such reservoirs.

scholarly journals Utility of the Cobas® Plasma Separation Card as a Sample Collection Device for Serological and Virological Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Fernando Velásquez-Orozco ◽  
Ariadna Rando-Segura ◽  
Joan Martínez-Camprecios ◽  
Paula Salmeron ◽  
Adrián Najarro-Centeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Plasma Separation ◽  
Virological Diagnosis ◽  
A Prospective Study

Diagnosis and clinical management of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) relies on results from a combination of serological and virological tests. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of dried plasma spots (DPS), prepared using the cobas® Plasma Separation Card (PSC), to plasma and serum from venipuncture, for HCV diagnosis. We carried out a prospective study using DPS and paired plasma or serum samples. Serum and DPS samples were analyzed by immunoassay using Elecsys® Anti-HCV II (Roche). Plasma and DPS samples were analyzed using the cobas® HCV viral load and cobas® HCV genotyping tests (Roche). All DPS samples that had high anti-HCV antibody titers in serum were also antibody-positive, as were five of eight samples with moderate titers. Eight samples with low titers in serum were negative with DPS. Among 80 samples with plasma HCV viral loads between 61.5 and 2.2 × 108 IU/mL, 74 were RNA-positive in DPS. The mean viral load difference between plasma and DPS was 2.65 log10 IU/mL. The performance of DPS for detection of serological and virological markers of hepatitis C virus infection was comparable to that of the conventional specimen types. However, the limits of detection were higher for DPS.

scholarly journals Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus among Apparently Normal Schoolchildren: Follow‐up after 7 Years

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 384-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza El‐Sherbini ◽  
Wafaa Hassan ◽  
Mohamad Abdel‐Hamid ◽  
Ahmad Naeim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Natural History ◽  
History Of

Surgical Site Infection as a Surrogate Marker of Physician Impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1120-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Sherertz ◽  
Tobi B. Karchmer
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Physician Impairment

Our report details an implant-associated outbreak of surgical site infections related to the adverse effects of treatment for hepatitis C virus infection administered to surgeon X. During the 12-month period of this outbreak, 14 (9.5%) of 148 of surgeon X's patients developed a surgical site infection, a rate of SSI that was 8-fold higher than the rate during the 14-month baseline period or the 14-month follow-up period (P = .001), and higher than the rate among peer surgeons (P = .02).

scholarly journals Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is a Risk Factor for Severe Hepatic Cytolysis after Initiation of a Protease Inhibitor-Containing Antiretroviral Regimen in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3451-3455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Savès ◽  
François Raffi ◽  
Philippe Clevenbergh ◽  
Bruno Marchou ◽  
Anne Waldner-Combernoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatic Cytolysis

ABSTRACT In a cohort of 1,047 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients started on protease inhibitors (PIs), the incidence of severe hepatic cytolysis (alanine aminotransferase concentration five times or more above the upper limit of the normal level ≥ 5N) was 5% patient-years after a mean follow-up of 5 months. Only positivity for hepatitis C virus antibodies (hazard ratio [HR], 7.95;P < 10−3) or hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HR, 6.67; P < 10−3) was associated with severe cytolysis. Before starting patients on PIs, assessment of liver enzyme levels and viral coinfections is necessary.

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