The Effect Early Marriage and Marital Stress Among University Students in USIM

This study aims to identify the effect of early marriage with marital stress among university students in USIM. Objectives of this study were to determine the effect of early marriage with marital stress among students in USIM, to investigate how the marriage couple students cope with the stress and, to determine the relationship between stress and marriage satisfaction. This research used Stress Scale (PSS) to measure the level of stress and Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS) to measure marriage satisfaction. An interview also being used in this study in order to determine effect of early marriage with marital stress among students in USIM. The data were obtained, analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics Version 25.0 software that involved descriptive statistics analysis, Pallant scale, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings of the study indicate that the stress and marriage satisfaction of the respondents are at a moderate level, besides, these two variables have a very strong significance correlation within positive direction (r = 0.61, p < 0.01). Interview result demonstrated that the effects of early marriage put stress on the marriage relationship and coupled with other factors such as family member intervention, financial problems, and commitment of study.

APPLICATION OF BIOPOLYMER FILMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF EDIBLE OILS

Lipid oxidation is a major cause of off-flavors and loss of nutrients in fat-containing foods and oils. The prevention or retardation of those deteriorative reactions of oil during processing and storage is required. Commercially available synthetic packaging materials are causing serious environmental problems due to their non-degradability. To reduce environmental impacts associated with synthetic plastics, biopolymer materials have a great potential to be used instead. Further, biopolymers play an important role in food preservation because of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Packing system comprise of natural active materials can improve shelf life of oil packed, minimize oxidation and improve mechanical, barrier and biological properties of biopolymer films. In this paper, to determine effect of usage biopolymer materials for oil packing, different edible oils and biopolymer materials were observed.

Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength and Atterberg Limit of Soft Clay by Stabilizing with Sodium Silicate and Biomass Silica in Batu Pahat

Soft clay soils can be considered as problematic soil with the characteristic of high compressibility, low permeability and low shear strength. Construction on soft clay deposit may causes problem such as insufficient bearing capacity, settlement problem and instability on excavation and embankment. Ground improvement methods were used as the aimed of this study is to determine the effect of non-traditional stabilizer on the compressive strength of soft clay soils. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine effect of compressive strength of untreated and treated soft clay soil with addition of non-traditional stabilizer at different curing periods. The soil properties of soft clay soil such as compaction, Atterberg limits, and unconfined compression strength (UCS) testing methods were used to observe the performance of treated and untreated samples. The test results from the UCS indicated that once Biomass Silica and Sodium Silicate in the form of SH-85 and TX-85 have been added to the clay soil, the strength of the sample will increase with increasing percent of sodium silicate and curing periods.

Varicose veins: our experience in KVG Medical College and Hospital, Karnataka

Background: The varicose veins is the most common vascular disorder of the lower extremities. It affects more than 5% of adult population but in India incidence of varicose veins seems to be far less common because patients come for complications such as pain, oedema, pigmentation and ulceration leading to tip of Iceberg phenomenon. This study will help in finding epidemiology, mode of presentation and effect of surgery on venous ulcers and recurrence. The aims and objectives of the study was to study the incidence of varicose veins according to age, sex and occupation with spectrum of clinical presentation in varicose veins. To determine effect of surgery in healing of varicose ulcers if present and study of recurrence upto 6 months.Methods: This prospective study involved 50 patients admitted in KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia with clinical diagnosis of varicose veins. The study period was 18 months inclusive of a 6 month follow up period.Results: Most patients was between 41 to 50 years (26 %.), males (74%), left side involvement in (70%) and farmer by occupation (40%) with pain as most common presenting symptom in (76%). Long saphenous system involvement in (94%). 6 patients out of 50 showed recurrence of varicose veins. 4 patient showed recurrence out of 21 venous ulcer patients.Conclusions: For varicose veins saphenofemoral junction ligation with stripping of vein with perforator ligation showed good outcome. Venous ulcers heal well after surgery with few recurrences.

Oncology rapid assessment clinic and effect on ED visits.

258 Background: The use of the Emergency Department (ED) by oncology patients for lower acuity issues is common. Oncology Rapid Assessment Clinics (ORAC) may play a key role in reducing ED visits among oncology patients. We analyzed whether the advent of ORAC was associated with lower ED utilization by patients receiving cancer care at University of Chicago Medical Center (UCMC). Methods: UCMC opened its ORAC in March 2019 to provide supportive care and symptom management to cancer patients who needed acute medical issues addressed. To identify active cancer patients, we identified those that had either a forward or reverse 9 month rolling count of greater than or equal to 2 Outpatient Clinic Visits (complete or future). Of all those patients, we identified any ED visit made within the time period considered Pre-ORAC (6/2018-2/2019) and Post-ORAC (6/2019-2/2020). To determine effect of ORAC on ED utilization, we performed t-test comparison of rates. Results: A total of 9,043 unique patients were seen in the Pre-ORAC period and 8,753 in the Post-ORAC period. Predominant cancers seen in both periods were Breast, Lung/Head & Neck, GI, Lymphoma/Leukemia, GU, and Multiple Myeloma. The ED visit rate was 0.252 (2279/9043) in Pre-ORAC period and 0.237 (2075/8753) in the Post-ORAC period (p = 0.02). Conclusions: There was a decrease in ED visit rates for oncology patients cared for by UCMC in the immediate period after the opening of the ORAC clinic. More substantial declines are expected in the future as the capacity and efficiency of the ORAC clinic grows and the concept is socialized among cancer providers.

Effect of different seedling weights on Kappaphycus alvarezii growth

Seaweed K. alvarezii is one of leading commodities in aquaculture because this seaweed species produces carrageenan which has high economic value. This study aimed to determine effect of different seedling weights on the growth of seaweed K. alvarezii, and to determine which seedling weight had the best effect on seaweed growth. Planting process was carried out using longline method. Size of longline construction used was 10 m x 20 m, with a length of 20 m and a distance of 1 m between each ropes. Each rope line contained about 66 clumps of seedlings with a distance between clumps of 15 cm. Thallus weight used was 30 gr, 50 gr, 70 gr for each treatment. The highest mean value of absolute weight growth of seaweed K. alvarezii was found in treatment C (thallus weight 70 gr) with an average value of 99.27 gr, followed by treatment A (thallus weight 30 gr) of 51.95 gr and the lowest value found in treatment B (thallus weight 50 gr) of 51.65 gr.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT POLLINATORS ON FRUIT SET AND SOME FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS IN APPLE

Apple is one of the fruit species in which self-incompatibility is seen. For economical apple production, pollination and fertilization are required. In this study, it was aimed to determine effect of different pollinators on the fruit set ratios and some fruit characteristics of some apple varieties and apple genotypes originating from Kyrgyzstan by hybridization breeding method in 2020 year. According to the results, the highest fruit set ratio was obtained with the combination number 54 × 36 with 7.37%, while the lowest value was determined with the combination number 54 × 56 with 1.88%. Especially the precipitation that occurred during the fruit set time negatively affected the results. In the fruit characteristics results, the combination number 54 × 36 gave better results than the other combinations in fruit length and fruit width values. On the other hand, 21 × Elstar combination produced the best result in terms of WSDM (water solid dry matter) value and significant differences occurred between combinations in terms of seed number. Evaluating the obtained findings as a guide especially in the breeding studies to be made on apples and in the new orchards to be established may be beneficial for the producers.

The Effect of Manalagi and Fuji Apple Juice on Triglyceride Level in Elderly

The purpose of this study is to determine effect of manalagi and fuji apples juice on triglyceride levels in in elderly. This study is an experimental study conducted on 39 elderly for 14 days, divided into 3 groups through randomized pre-post test control group design. G-0 was the control group, G-1 was the intervention group administered with manalagi apple juice, and G-2 was the intervention group given fuji apple juice. The data obtained were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. Trygliceride levels in the G-0 increased, whereas the G-1 and G-2 decreased. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) between the G-0 and the intervention group. Consumption of manalagi and fuji apples juice could reduce triglyceride levels in elderly.

FEA Analysis and Design Optimization of Disk Brake

The disc brakes are vital components of vehicle for retarding its velocity. The proper design of disk brake is essential in dissipating heat from rubbing surface. The objective of current research is to investigate the thermal characteristics of cast iron disk brake under transient conditions. The designing and FE simulation of brake is conducted using ANSYS software. The existing design is then optimized to determine effect of each optimization variable and also to determine specific design points. The disc brake optimization results have provided significant information on design points at which heat dissipation and temperature is maximum or minimum and the effect of variable on heat flux is also established.

Is Lactoferrin Supplementation Beneficial for All Preterm Infants?

Objective Human milk (HM) has antibacterial properties due to the presence of immune-modulators, including lactoferrin (LF). This study will determine effect(s) of HM maturation, fortification, and storage conditions on LF levels and its antibacterial properties. Study Design HM samples (n = 30) were obtained from preterm and term mothers. The LF levels were analyzed by ELISA, and the antibacterial activity was measured after inoculation with Escherichia coli. Results The highest level of LF in preterm HM was observed in the first week of lactation. However, storage of preterm HM at 4°C decreased LF levels significantly. Both LF levels and antibacterial activity in preterm HM was lower compared with term HM, but significantly higher than donor HM even after HM-based fortification. LF supplementation of donor HM improved its antibacterial activity. Conclusion Preterm infants fed donor HM, formula, or stored HM at 4°C may benefits from LF supplementation to improve HM antibacterial properties. Key Points