Caution about Newcastle Disease Virus-Based Live Attenuated Vaccine

ABSTRACT H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has continued to spread and poses a significant threat to both animal and human health. Current influenza vaccine strategies have limitations that prevent their effective use for widespread inoculation of animals in the field. Vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), however, have been used successfully to easily vaccinate large numbers of animals. In this study, we used reverse genetics to construct a NDV that expressed an H5 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) hemagglutinin (HA). Both a wild-type and a mutated HA open reading frame (ORF) from the HPAIV wild bird isolate, A/Bar-headed goose/Qinghai/3/2005 (H5N1), were inserted into the intergenic region between the P and M genes of the LaSota NDV vaccine strain. The recombinant viruses stably expressing the wild-type and mutant HA genes were found to be innocuous after intracerebral inoculation of 1-day-old chickens. A single dose of the recombinant viruses in chickens induced both NDV- and AIV H5-specific antibodies and completely protected chickens from challenge with a lethal dose of both velogenic NDV and homologous and heterologous H5N1 HPAIV. In addition, BALB/c mice immunized with the recombinant NDV-based vaccine produced H5 AIV-specific antibodies and were completely protected from homologous and heterologous lethal virus challenge. Our results indicate that recombinant NDV is suitable as a bivalent live attenuated vaccine against both NDV and AIV infection in poultry. The recombinant NDV vaccine may also have potential use in high-risk human individuals to control the pandemic spread of lethal avian influenza.

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Newcastle disease virus-attenuated vaccine LaSota played a key role in the pathogenicity of contaminated exogenous virus

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-018-0577-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Qi Su ◽

Yang Li ◽

Yawen Zhang ◽

Zhihui Zhang ◽

Fanfeng Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Exogenous Virus ◽

Attenuated Vaccine

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Improvements to the live-attenuated Newcastle disease virus vaccine using Carbopol® 940 as a stabilizer

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.1641-1646 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1641-1646

Author(s):

Mahmoud Mohamed Abd El-Moneam ◽

Nada Adel Fathy ◽

Naglaa I. Ali ◽

Heba Mohamed El Naggar

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Virus Vaccine ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Adjuvant Activity ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Skimmed Milk

Background and Aim: One strategy that can be used to stabilize vaccines is to convert them into a dry powder. This can protect the integrity of the active ingredients as well as vaccine antigenicity during manufacture, storage, and transport. This study highlights the potent adjuvant activity of Carbopol® when used alone to stabilize live-attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines or when used in a formulation together with skimmed milk. Tolerability and potency of these formulations were compared with those obtained from other local live NDV vaccines produced locally by the Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the cellular and humoral immune responses to a locally prepared, live-attenuated LaSota virus vaccine. Vaccine formulations were stabilized with Carbopol® 940 alone or in combination with skimmed milk. Results: Our results indicate that the use of Carbopol® 940 alone to stabilize a live-attenuated LaSota vaccine resulted in enhanced cellular and humoral immunity. The antibody titer was prolonged through the 6th week post-vaccination (5.0 log2). Full (100%) protection was observed in response to challenge with very virulent NDV at day 21 after vaccination; there were no clinical signs or lesions on examination. Addition of Carbopol® 940 to the live-attenuated vaccine formulation resulted in a more compact, stable, and high-quality lyophilized cake after freeze-dried lyophilization compared with that produced by stabilization with skimmed milk alone. Conclusion: Our data suggest that Carbopol® 940 may improve clinical responses to live-attenuated vaccines.

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