skimmed milk
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2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Juliana Santos Bóia ◽  
Vitoria Eduarda Fernandes de Morais ◽  
Aparecido Ignacio Junior ◽  
Sabrina Alves Lenquiste ◽  
Rayana Loch Gomes

The aim was to verify the association between food insecurity (FI) and food consumption of elderly people assisted by a Family Health Strategy (FHE). Sixteen elderly people, of both sexes, with a mean age of 69.13 years and BMI of 29.23 kg/m2 were evaluated. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour food recall were used. Weight and height were taken from the patients' records. It was observed that 37.5% of the elderly were in mild AI, 31.25% in moderate AI, 18.75% in severe AI and only 12.5% in food security. Individuals do not consume skimmed milk and have frequent intake of eggs, sausages, margarine, refined cereals, industrialized beverages, sweets and candies. And little or no use of olive oil and whole grains. No significant association between AI and food consumption. It is concluded that there was no association between food insecurity and food consumption in elderly people assisted by an ESF.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Silvia Grassi ◽  
Lorenzo Strani ◽  
Cristina Alamprese ◽  
Nicolò Pricca ◽  
Ernestina Casiraghi ◽  
...  

The study proposes a process analytical technology (PAT) approach for the control of milk coagulation through near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), computing multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) charts, based on principal component analysis (PCA). Reconstituted skimmed milk and commercial pasteurized skimmed milk were mixed at two different ratios (60:40 and 40:60). Each mix ratio was prepared in six replicates and used for coagulation trials, monitored by fundamental rheology, as a reference method, and NIRS by inserting a probe directly in the coagulation vat and collecting spectra at two different acquisition times, i.e., 60 s or 10 s. Furthermore, three failure coagulation trials were performed, deliberately changing temperature or rennet and CaCl2 concentration. The comparison with fundamental rheology results confirmed the effectiveness of NIRS to monitor milk renneting. The reduced spectral acquisition time (10 s) showed data highly correlated (r > 0.99) to those acquired with longer acquisition time. The developed decision trees, based on PC1 scores and T2 MSPC charts, confirmed the suitability of the proposed approach for the prediction of coagulation times and for the detection of possible failures. In conclusion, the work provides a robust but simple PAT approach to assist cheesemakers in monitoring the coagulation step in real-time.


Mljekarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Jasna Novak ◽  

Proteases of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus strains catalyze casein degradation in fermented dairy products, which can result in the production of bioactive peptides. Proteolytic properties of a selection of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains previously isolated in Croatia, including Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus strains, are described. All strains of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus showed an Fmc+ phenotype that can be associated with efficient growth in milk. The significant caseinolytic effect, after incubation of culture supernatant or concentrated cell biomass, was observed for Levilactobacillus brevis D6 and Lactiplantilactobacillus plantarum D13 after growth in the optimal growth medium, while for Lactoccocus lactis ZGBP5-32 and Levilactobacillus brevis SF9B strains after growth in skimmed milk. To assess the LAB growth in skimmed milk, the acidification rate was monitored. Statistically, significant acidification capacity was determined for L. plantarum D13 in the optimal medium and by the proteolytic strain Lactobacillus helveticus M92 in skimmed milk. After extraction of proteinases from the strains with caseinolytic activity, protein samples were analysed by the SDS-PAGE. The protein extract of the Lc. lactis ZGBP5-32 and ZGZA7-10, retained proteolytic activity even at very low concentrations. The ultrafiltration improved protein extraction. The crude extract possibly contained putative protease, as a decrease in contaminating proteins was confirmed by SDS-PAGE in samples of L. brevis D6 and SF9B, L. fermentum D12 and L. plantarum D13.


Author(s):  
V. Ezugwu Nnenna ◽  
R. Agbakoba Nneka

Introduction: Contamination of milk products can result to severe intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in man. This study was aimed at evaluating the bacteriological quality of various milk products sold in Nnewi.  Materials and Methods: Using the Cluster sampling technique, 30 milk samples (5 pasteurized skimmed milk, 5 powdered infant milk formulas, 5 powdered milk, 5 unsweetened evaporated milk, 5 branded soya milk and 5 unbranded soya milk) were purchased randomly from different shops and hawkers around Nnewi. Sample processing was done by serially diluting samples in sterile 1% peptone water before plating onto Mannitol Salt Agar, Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar, Blood Agar, MacConkey and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar using the Pour-plate technique. Bacterial count and identification were done using standard bacteriological as well as molecular techniques.  The molecular techniques used were Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sanger Sequencing and BLAST analysis on the NCBI BLAST online. Results: This showed that 15 (50%) out of 30 milk samples were contaminated to varying degrees with bacteria. Nine (9) samples showed the presence of Escherichia coli with 32.14% of all the milk samples tested. E. coli was present in skimmed milk (20%), evaporated milk (20%), branded soyamilk (40%) and unbranded soyamilk (100%) but was not isolated from Infant formula and Powder milk. Klebsiella spp. showed the second highest prevalence (28.57%) and was present in evaporated milk (20%), branded soyamilk (40%), unbranded soyamilk (100%). Salmonella spp. (3.57%) was isolated from unbranded soyamilk,Enterobacter spp. (14.29%) was isolated from powder milk and in unbranded  soyamilk samples, Staphylococcus aureus(3.57%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.57%) were isolated only in unbranded soyamilk, Macrococcus caseolyticus (3.57%) was isolated from unbranded soyamilk. Novel species such as Aquitalea magnusonii (3.57%), Alishewanella fetalis (3.57%) and Lysinibacillus macroides (3.57%) were identified by molecular analysis to be present in infant formula, evaporated milk and unbranded soyamilk respectively. Conclusion: This research revealed that the bacteriological quality of some milk and milk products sold in Nnewi is not acceptable especially the unbranded soyamilk samples that showed gross contamination.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
V.L. Zakharov ◽  
◽  
N.F. Shchegol'kov ◽  
P.A. Abdurakhmanov ◽  
◽  
...  

The aim of the work was to conduct a comparative assessment of the quality of grilled cheese (halloumi) obtained from the milk of two different breeds of cows. Cheese was prepared accord-ing to the Cypriot halloumi technology, but instead of sheep or goat milk, cattle milk was used. The milk of the red-mottled breed cows differed from the Simmental milk with a higher content of skimmed milk residue, protein, fat and somatic cells. Grilled cheese using hallumi technology from the milk of both breeds of cows meets the requirements of the state standard R 52686-2006 and is bold (according to the Simmental breed) or fat (according to the red-mottled). Grilled cheese using hallumi technology from red-mottled milk has a 7.2% higher yield, 8.1% less mois-ture, is more saturated with lactic acid, but 1.3 times less dense than cheese from Simmental milk. Grilled cheese according to hallumi technology from milk of both breeds of cows is suitable for frying within 6 days from the moment of manufacture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
S. Hriciková ◽  
I. Kožárová

Abstract Milk used for human consumption must comply with the European Union legislative requirements for residues of inhibitory substances in milk, the values of which must not exceed the established maximum residue limit. In order to ensure the quality and safety of milk and milk products placed on the market, the presence of residues of inhibitory substances should be monitored and verified. The aim of our study was to select the most reliable method for the analysis of residues of inhibitory substances in milk. In the search for the most reliable method, a total of 49 milk samples were tested in the form of raw milk, skimmed milk and skimmed-milk powder throughout the agri-food chain. For comparison, the microbial inhibition tests Eclipse 50, Eclipse Farm, Explorer 2.0, Delvotest®, Premi®Test and the fast receptor screening test TwinSensor were used. The most relevant results were obtained by the Eclipse 50 and Eclipse Farm tests, the reliability of which were also confirmed by the Explorer 2.0 and Premi®Test tests. Moreover, according to the State Veterinary and Food Administration of the Slovak Republic, Eclipse 50 is an official reference method for the determination of residues of inhibitory substances in milk. Therefore, we can only state that of all the methods used, the Eclipse 50 seems to be the most reliable for routine control analysis of residues of inhibitory substances in all types of milk.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4246
Author(s):  
Sandra I. Sünram-Lea ◽  
Gertrude Gentile-Rapinett ◽  
Katherine Macé ◽  
Andreas Rytz

Reduced Glycemic Index (GI) of breakfast has been linked to improved cognitive performance in both children and adult populations across the morning. However, few studies have profiled the post-prandial glycemic response (PPGR) in younger children. The aim of this study was to assess PPGR to breakfast interventions differing in GI in healthy children aged 5–7 years. Eleven subjects completed an open-label, randomized, cross-over trial, receiving three equicaloric test beverages (260 kcal) consisting of 125 mL semi-skimmed milk and 50 g sugar (either glucose, sucrose, or isomaltulose). On a fourth occasion, the sucrose beverage was delivered as intermittent supply. PPGR was measured over 180 min using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). The incremental area under the curve (3h-iAUC) was highest for the glucose beverage, followed by intermittent sucrose (−21%, p = 0.288), sucrose (−27%, p = 0.139), and isomaltulose (−48%, p = 0.018). The isomaltulose beverage induced the smallest Cmax (7.8 mmol/L vs. >9.2 mmol/L for others) and the longest duration with moderate glucose level, between baseline value and 7.8 mmol/L (150 vs. <115 min for others). These results confirm that substituting mid-high GI sugars (e.g., sucrose and glucose) with low GI sugars (e.g., isomaltulose) during breakfast are a viable strategy for sustained energy release and glycemic response during the morning even in younger children.


2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
A Evi Susanti ◽  
Suharti Suharti ◽  
Roswanira Wahab ◽  
Naharotul Chusniyah ◽  
Shindy Tirta Paramitha

This research aimed to isolate protease-producing bacteria from Sidoarjo shrimp paste for extracting collagen from milkfish scales. This study began with isolation, followed by screening and purification of protease-producing bacterial isolates. Further confirmation of the isolates’ proteolytic indices and the crude protease production, the enzymes’ efficacy in extracting collagen from milkfish scales were tested, followed by pathogenicity and identification using 16S rRNA molecular technique. The study has successfully isolated 15 proteolytic bacterial isolates using skimmed milk agar, but only isolates of TR-10, TR-4.1.1, and TR-15.1 exhibited prospective proteolytic activity based on their corresponding proteolytic indices of 2.96 ± 0.06, 3.10 ± 0.10, and 3.71 ± 0.48. Although the proteolytic activity of isolates TR-10 (0.22 ± 0.05 U/mL) and TR-15.1 (1.07 ± 0.14 U/mL) was high in a salt medium using peptone as the nitrogen source, only the former showed satisfactory activity to extract soluble collagen from milkfish scales. Based on the 16SrRNA, the TR-10 isolate was identified as Bacillus megaterium. The non-pathogenicity of the TR-10 bacterium signified its promising role as a protease source for the halal collagen extraction from milkfish scales.


Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-670
Author(s):  
Melissa Di Rocco ◽  
Johann Scollard ◽  
Riona Sayers ◽  
Ambrose Furey ◽  
Martin Danaher ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of cefquinome in different dairy products during the processing of naturally contaminated milk or spiked milk. The analysis of cefquinome residues in milk, skimmed milk, buttermilk, whey, cream, butter, curd, and cheese samples was performed using a water:acetonitrile solvent extraction and C18 dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up, followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) determination. The target concentration of cefquinome was achieved in the spiked milk (100 µg kg−1). During its processing, the antibiotic migrated primarily with the skimmed milk as opposed to cream (ratios of 3.6:1 and 2.8:1 for experiments A and B, respectively), and with the buttermilk during butter manufacture (ratios of 6.9:1 and 4.6:1), but was equal in the curd and whey during the manufacture of cheese. In the milk collected from treated animals, the measured concentration of cefquinome was considerably high (approx. 5000 µg kg−1). The results obtained from the dairy products were similar to those obtained in the spiked study (ratios of 8.2:1 and 3.1:1 for experiments A and B, respectively, during the separation of skimmed milk and cream; 6.0:1 and 5.0:1 for A and B, respectively, during the separation of buttermilk and butter). However, during cheesemaking, cefquinome migrated with the whey after cutting the curd, with ratios of 0.54:1 and 0.44:1 for experiments A and B, respectively. The difference in the migration of cefquinome between curd and whey in spiked and animal studies is probably due to the different concentration levels in the two different experiments. The results of this study showed that, in dairy products manufactured from milk containing cefquinome residues, the drug migrated primarily with the high-water-containing fractions.


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