scholarly journals Transdominant Inhibition of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Entry

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2427-2436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Tscherne ◽  
Matthew J. Evans ◽  
Margaret R. MacDonald ◽  
Charles M. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Envelope Glycoprotein ◽  
Cell Clone ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
Positive Strand Rna ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a positive-strand RNA virus and a member of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae. To identify and characterize essential factors required for BVDV replication, a library expressing random fragments of the BVDV genome was screened for sequences that act as transdominant inhibitors of viral replication by conferring resistance to cytopathic BVDV-induced cell death. We isolated a BVDV-nonpermissive MDBK cell clone that harbored a 1.2-kb insertion spanning the carboxy terminus of the envelope glycoprotein 1 (E1), the envelope glycoprotein E2, and the amino terminus of p7. Confirming the resistance phenotype conferred by this library clone, naïve MDBK cells expressing this fragment were found to be 100- to 1,000-fold less permissive to both cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV infection compared to parental MDBK cells, although these cells remained fully permissive to vesicular stomatitis virus. This restriction could be overcome by electroporation of BVDV RNA, indicating a block at one or more steps in viral entry prior to translation of the viral RNA. We determined that the E2 ectodomain was responsible for the inhibition to BVDV entry and that this block occurred downstream from BVDV interaction with the cellular receptor CD46 and virus binding, suggesting interference with a yet-unidentified BVDV entry factor.

Bovine A20 gene overexpression during bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 infection blocks NF-κB pathway in MDBK cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Villalba ◽  
Nivia Canales ◽  
Nicolas Maldonado ◽  
Carola Otth ◽  
Fernanda Fredericksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Gene Overexpression ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
A20 Gene

scholarly journals Thiopurines inhibit bovine viral diarrhea virus production in a thiopurine methyltransferase-dependent manner

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Hoover ◽  
Rob Striker
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thiopurine Methyltransferase ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Positive Strand Rna ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

The family Flaviviridae comprises positive-strand RNA viral pathogens of humans and livestock with few treatment options. We have previously shown that azathioprine (AZA) has in vitro activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). While the mechanism of inhibition is unknown, AZA and related thiopurine nucleoside analogues have been used as immunosuppressants for decades and both AZA metabolites and cellular genes involved in AZA metabolism have been extensively characterized. Here, we show that only certain riboside metabolites have antiviral activity and identify the most potent known antiviral AZA metabolite as 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (6MMPr). The antiviral activity of 6MMPr is antagonized by adenosine, and is specific to BVDV and not to the related yellow fever virus. An essential step in the conversion of AZA to 6MMPr is the addition of a methyl group onto the sulfur atom attached to position six of the purine ring. Intracellularly, the methyl group is added by thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT), an S-adenosyl methionine-dependent methyltransferase. Either chemically bypassing or inhibiting TPMT modulates antiviral activity of AZA metabolites. TPMT exists in several variants with varying levels of activity and since 6MMPr is a potent antiviral, the antiviral activity of AZA may be modulated by host genetics.

scholarly journals Infectious Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Strain NADL) RNA from Stable cDNA Clones: a Cellular Insert Determines NS3 Production and Viral Cytopathogenicity

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 4737-4745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Mendez ◽  
Nicolas Ruggli ◽  
Marc S. Collett ◽  
Charles M. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Rna Replication ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), strain NADL, was originally isolated from an animal with fatal mucosal disease. This isolate is cytopathic in cell culture and produces two forms of NS3-containing proteins: uncleaved NS2-3 and mature NS3. For BVDV NADL, the production of NS3, a characteristic of cytopathic BVDV strains, is believed to be a consequence of an in-frame insertion of a 270-nucleotide cellular mRNA sequence (called cIns) in the NS2 coding region. In this study, we constructed a stable full-length cDNA copy of BVDV NADL in a low-copy-number plasmid vector. As assayed by transfection of MDBK cells, uncapped RNAs transcribed from this template were highly infectious (>105 PFU/μg). The recovered virus was similar in plaque morphology, growth properties, polyprotein processing, and cytopathogenicity to the BVDV NADL parent. Deletion of cIns abolished processing at the NS2/NS3 site and produced a virus that was no longer cytopathic for MDBK cells. This deletion did not affect the efficiency of infectious virus production or viral protein production, but it reduced the level of virus-specific RNA synthesis and accumulation. Thus, cIns not only modulates NS3 production but also upregulates RNA replication relative to an isogenic noncytopathic derivative lacking the insert. These results raise the possibility of a linkage between enhanced BVDV NADL RNA replication and virus-induced cytopathogenicity.

bta-miR-29b attenuates apoptosis by directly targeting caspase-7 and NAIF1 and suppresses bovine viral diarrhea virus replication in MDBK cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Huijun Shi ◽  
Mengting Shi ◽  
Luping Meng ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Caspase 7 ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, noncoding RNA molecules that serve as powerful regulators of multiple cellular processes, including apoptosis, differentiation, growth, and proliferation. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) contributes significantly to health-related economic losses in the beef and dairy industries. Although BVDV-induced apoptosis correlates with increased intracellular viral RNA accumulation and with bta-miR-29b (miR-29b) expression upregulation in Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells infected with BVDV strain NADL, the role of miR-29b in regulating BVDV-infection-related apoptosis remains unexplored. Here, we report that miR-29b serves as a new miRNA regulating apoptosis. We showed that miR-29b target sequences were present in the 3′ untranslated regions of 2 key apoptosis regulators mRNAs, cysteine aspartases-7 (caspase-7) and nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (NAIF1). Indeed, upon miRNA overexpression, both mRNA and protein levels of caspase-7 and NAIF1 were decreased. We further found that miR-29b attenuated apoptosis by directly regulating intracellular levels of caspase-7 and NAIF1. Moreover, apoptosis blockage by miR-29b was rescued upon co-infection of MDBK cells with lentiviruses expressing caspase-7 and NAIF1. Importantly, miR-29b decreased BVDV NADL envelope glycoprotein E1 mRNA levels and suppressed viral replication. These studies advance our understanding of the mechanisms of miRNAs in mediating the cells combating viral infections.

scholarly journals ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals the proteome profiles of MDBK cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxin Li ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
Xiaokui Wang ◽  
Wei Ni ◽  
Ruirui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Background Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) which is caused by Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is an acute, contagious disease. In spite of the use of vaccines and elimination projects, BVDV still causes severe economic losses to the cattle industry for the past few years. The current study presents a preliminary analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms from the perspective of protein expression levels in infected host cells at different points in time to elucidate the infection process associated with BVDV. Methods We used the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) approach for a quantitative proteomics comparison of BVDV NADL-infected MDBK cells and non-infected cells. The functions of the proteins were deduced by functional annotation and their involvement in metabolic processes explored by KEGG pathway analysis to identify their interactions. Results There were 357 (47.6% downregulated, 52.4% upregulated infected vs. control), 101 (52.5% downregulated, 47.5% upregulated infected vs. control), and 66 (21.2% downregulated, 78.8% upregulated infected vs. control) proteins were differentially expressed (fold change > 1.5 or < 0.67) in the BVDV NADL-infected MDBK cells at 12, 24, and 48 h after infection. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) are mainly involved in metabolic processes, biological regulation and localization. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that some signaling pathways that involved in the regulation of BVDV NADL-infection and host resistance are significantly (P < 0.05) enriched at different stages of the BVDV NADL-infection, such as Endocytosis signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, Homologous recombination signaling pathway and Lysosome pathway. Conclusions These results revealed that the DEPs in BVDV NADL-infected MDBK cells have a wide range of regulatory effects; in addition, they provide a lot of resources for the study of host cell proteomics after BVDV infection.

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