Oocyte-specific expression of mouse Zp-2: developmental regulation of the zona pellucida genes

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1507-1515
Author(s):  
L F Liang ◽  
S M Chamow ◽  
J Dean
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Oocyte Growth

The zona pellucida surrounds all mammalian oocytes and plays a vital role at fertilization and in early development. The genes that code for two of the mouse zona proteins (ZP2 and ZP3) represent a developmentally regulated set of genes whose expression serves as markers of mouse oocyte growth and differentiation. We previously characterized the single-copy Zp-3 gene and showed that its expression is oocyte specific and restricted to a narrow window of oocyte development. We now define the Zp-2 gene transcript and show that it is coordinately expressed with Zp-3 only during the 2-week growth phase of oogenesis that occurs prior to ovulation. Like Zp-3, the expression of Zp-2 is restricted to oocytes, and, although not detectable in resting oocytes, both ZP2 and ZP3 transcripts accumulate to become very abundant messengers in 50-microns-diameter oocytes. Ovulated eggs contain ZP2 and ZP3 transcripts which are 200 nucleotides shorter than those found in growing oocytes and have an abundance of less than 5% of the peak levels. In an attempt to understand the molecular details associated with the developmentally regulated, tissue-specific gene expression of the zona genes, the Zp-2 genetic locus has been characterized and its 5' flanking sequences have been compared with those of Zp-3. Both genes contain three short (8- to 12-base-pair) DNA sequences of 80 to 88% identity located within 250 base pairs of their transcription start sites.

scholarly journals Oocyte-specific expression of mouse Zp-2: developmental regulation of the zona pellucida genes.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1507-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
L F Liang ◽  
S M Chamow ◽  
J Dean
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Oocyte Growth

The zona pellucida surrounds all mammalian oocytes and plays a vital role at fertilization and in early development. The genes that code for two of the mouse zona proteins (ZP2 and ZP3) represent a developmentally regulated set of genes whose expression serves as markers of mouse oocyte growth and differentiation. We previously characterized the single-copy Zp-3 gene and showed that its expression is oocyte specific and restricted to a narrow window of oocyte development. We now define the Zp-2 gene transcript and show that it is coordinately expressed with Zp-3 only during the 2-week growth phase of oogenesis that occurs prior to ovulation. Like Zp-3, the expression of Zp-2 is restricted to oocytes, and, although not detectable in resting oocytes, both ZP2 and ZP3 transcripts accumulate to become very abundant messengers in 50-microns-diameter oocytes. Ovulated eggs contain ZP2 and ZP3 transcripts which are 200 nucleotides shorter than those found in growing oocytes and have an abundance of less than 5% of the peak levels. In an attempt to understand the molecular details associated with the developmentally regulated, tissue-specific gene expression of the zona genes, the Zp-2 genetic locus has been characterized and its 5' flanking sequences have been compared with those of Zp-3. Both genes contain three short (8- to 12-base-pair) DNA sequences of 80 to 88% identity located within 250 base pairs of their transcription start sites.

Stage-specific expression of a developmentally regulated gene in Dirofilaria immitis

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sun ◽  
T. Matsuura ◽  
K. Sugane
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cdna Clone ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Specific Gene Expression

ABSTRACTA previously reported cDNA clone encoding 34 kDa antigenic polypeptide of Dirofilaria immitis (λ cD34) was studied to elucidate the mechanism of stage-specific gene expression. The 34 kDa polypeptide was a larva-specific antigen and the mRNA was detectable in microfilariae but not in adult worms and eggs. The λ cD34 gene was not sex linked and was contained in the genome of D. immitis at each stage. The stage-specific expression of the developmentally regulated gene in D. immitis may be controlled primarily at the mRNA level.

scholarly journals Expression and developmental regulation of two unique mRNAs specific to brain membrane-bound polyribosomes

1987 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Hall ◽  
C M Lowndes ◽  
T K Leung ◽  
D N Cooper ◽  
A M Goate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Brain Membrane ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Membrane Bound

Translation in vitro of membrane-bound polyribosomal mRNAs from rat brain has shown several to be developmentally regulated [Hall & Lim (1981) Biochem. J. 196, 327-336]. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of cDNAs corresponding to two such brain mRNAs. One cDNA (M444) hybrid-selected a 0.95 kb mRNA directing the synthesis in vitro of a 21 kDa pI-6.3 polypeptide, which was processed in vitro by microsomal membranes. A second cDNA (M1622) hybridized to a 2.2 kb mRNA directing the synthesis of a 55 kDa pI-5.8 polypeptide. Both mRNAs were specific to membrane-bound polyribosomes. Restriction maps of the corresponding genomic DNA sequences are consistent with both being single copy. The two mRNAs were present in astrocytic and neuronal cultures, but not in liver or spleen or in neuroblastoma or glioma cells. The two mRNAs were differently regulated during brain development. In the developing forebrain there was a gradual and sustained increase in M444 mRNA during the first 3 weeks post partum, whereas M1622 mRNA appeared earlier and showed no further increase after day 10. In the cerebellum the developmental increase in M444 mRNA was biphasic. After a small initial increase there was a decrease in this mRNA at day 10, coincident with high amounts of M1622 mRNA. This was followed by a second, larger, increase in M444 mRNA, when amounts of M1622 mRNA were constant. The contrasting changes in these two mRNAs in the developing cerebellum are of particular interest, since they occur during an intensive period of cell proliferation, migration and altering neural connectivity. As these mRNAs are specific to differentiated neural tissue, they represent useful molecular markers for studying brain differentiation.

Sequence structures of two developmentally regulated, alternative DNA deletion junctions in Tetrahymena thermophila

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3947-3950
Author(s):  
C F Austerberry ◽  
M C Yao
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
Similar Sequence ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Dna Deletion ◽  
Inverted Orientation ◽  
The Right

Deletions of specific DNA sequences are known to occur in Tetrahymena thermophila as a developmentally regulated process. Deletions of a particular region (region M) were previously shown to be of two alternative sizes, 0.6 or 0.9 kilobases (kb) (C.F. Austerberry, C.D. Allis, and M.-C. Yao, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 7383-7387). In this study, the nucleotide sequences for both deletions were determined. These two deletions share the same right junction, but their left junctions are 0.3 kb apart. An 8-base-pair (bp) sequence is present at both junctions of the 0.6-kb deletion, but only 5 bp of this direct repeat are present at the left junction of the 0.9-kb deletion. Further comparison revealed a common 10-bp sequence near each of the two left junctions and a similar sequence in inverted orientation near the right junction. These sequences may play a role in the developmental regulation of the deletion process.

scholarly journals Limited allele-specific gene expression in highly polyploid sugarcane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rodrigues Alves Margarido ◽  
Fernando Henrique Correr ◽  
Agnelo Furtado ◽  
Frederik Botha ◽  
Robert Henry
Keyword(s):  
Single Copy ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Depth

Abstract Polyploidy is widespread in plants allowing the different copies of genes to be expressed differently in a tissue specific or developmental specific way. This allele specific expression (ASE) has been widely reported but the proportion and nature of genes showing this characteristic has not been well defined. We now report an analysis of the frequency and patterns of ASE at the whole genome level in the highly polyploid sugarcane genome. Very high-depth whole genome sequencing and RNA-sequencing revealed strong correlations between allelic proportions in the genome and in expressed sequences. This level of sequencing allowed discrimination of each of the possible allele doses in this 12-ploid genome. Most genes were expressed in direct proportion to the frequency of the allele in the genome with examples of polymorphisms being found with every possible discrete level of dose from 1:11 for single copy alleles to 12:0 for monomorphic sites. The rarer departures from allelic balance were more frequent in the expression of defence-response genes, as well as in some processes related to the biosynthesis of cell walls. ASE was more common in genes with variants that resulted in significant disruption of function. The low level of ASE may reflect the recent origin of polyploid hybrid sugarcane. Much of the ASE present can be attributed to strong selection in nature and domestication for resistance to diseases.

Influence of epigenetic changes during oocyte growth on nuclear reprogramming after nuclear transfer

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Kono
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Paternal Genome ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
Allele Specific

Genomic imprinting is the epigenetic mechanism that distinguishes whether the loci that are inherited from the maternal or paternal genome lead to parent-specific gene expression. The mechanism also regulates development in mammalian embryos. Genomic imprinting is established after implantation according to the specific markers that are imposed on the genome during gametogenesis; the allele-specific gene expression is then maintained throughout embryogenesis. The genomic imprinting markers are erased and renewed on an own-sex basis only in cells that differentiate into germline cells. This report shows that the epigenetic modifications that occur during oogenesis perform the crucial function of establishing the allele-specific expression of imprinted genes, and also suggests that the epigenetic DNA modification is related to the reprogramming and aberrant development seen in manipulated embryos.

scholarly journals A Novel Class of Developmentally Regulated Noncoding RNAs in Leishmania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2033-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Dumas ◽  
Conan Chow ◽  
Michaela Müller ◽  
Barbara Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Rna Stability ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Specific Regulation

ABSTRACT Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that causes serious morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. The ability of these parasites to survive within the phagolysosomes of mammalian macrophages is dependent on the developmental regulation of a variety of genes. Identifying genomic sequences that are preferentially expressed during the parasite's intracellular growth would provide new insights about the mechanisms controlling stage-specific gene regulation for intracellular development of the parasite. Using a genomic library that differentially hybridized to probes made from total RNA from Leishmania infantum amastigote or promastigote life cycle stages, we identified a new class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) ranging from ∼300 to 600 nucleotides in size that are expressed specifically in the intracellular amastigote stage. These ncRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II from genomic clusters of tandem head-to-tail repeats, which are mainly located within subtelomeric regions. Remarkably, both the sense and antisense orientations of these ncRNAs are transcribed and are processed by trans splicing and polyadenylation. The levels of antisense transcripts are at least 10-fold lower than those of the sense transcripts and are tightly regulated. The sense and antisense ncRNAs are cytosolic as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization studies and cosediment with a small ribonucleoprotein complex. Amastigote-specific regulation of these ncRNAs possibly occurs at the level of RNA stability. Interestingly, overexpression of these ncRNAs in promastigotes, as part of an episomal expression vector, failed to produce any transcript, which further highlights the instability of these RNAs in the promastigote stage. This is the first report describing developmentally regulated ncRNAs in protozoan parasites.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation Profile of the Mouse Skeletal α-Actin Promoter during Development and Differentiation

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Warnecke ◽  
Susan J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Methylation Profile ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Methylation State ◽  
Dna Methylation Profile ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Actin Promoter

ABSTRACT Genomic levels of DNA methylation undergo widespread alterations in early embryonic development. However, changes in embryonic methylation have proven difficult to study at the level of single-copy genes due to the small amount of tissue available for assay. This study provides the first detailed analysis of the methylation state of a tissue-specific gene through early development and differentiation. Using bisulfite sequencing, we mapped the methylation profile of the tissue-specific mouse skeletal α-actin promoter at all stages of development, from gametes to postimplantation embryos. We show that the α-actin promoter, which is fully methylated in the sperm and essentially unmethylated in the oocyte, undergoes a general demethylation from morula to blastocyst stages, although the blastula is not completely demethylated. Remethylation of the α-actin promoter occurs after implantation in a stochastic pattern, with some molecules being extensively methylated and others sparsely methylated. Moreover, we demonstrate that tissue-specific expression of the skeletal α-actin gene in the adult mouse does not correlate with the methylation state of the promoter, as we find a similar low level of methylation in both expressing and one of the two nonexpressing tissues tested. However, a subset of CpG sites within the skeletal α-actin promoter are preferentially methylated in liver, a nonexpressing tissue.

scholarly journals Limited allele-specific gene expression in highly polyploid sugarcane

2021 ◽  
pp. gr.275904.121
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rodrigues Alves Margarido ◽  
Fernando Henrique Correr ◽  
Agnelo Furtado ◽  
Frederik C Botha ◽  
Robert J Henry
Keyword(s):  
Single Copy ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Defense Response Genes ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
High Depth

Polyploidy is widespread in plants allowing the different copies of genes to be expressed differently in a tissue specific or developmental specific way. This allele-specific expression (ASE) has been widely reported but the proportion and nature of genes showing this characteristic have not been well defined. We now report an analysis of the frequency and patterns of ASE at the whole genome level in the highly polyploid sugarcane genome. Very high-depth whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing revealed strong correlations between allelic proportions in the genome and in expressed sequences. This level of sequencing allowed discrimination of each of the possible allele doses in this 12-ploid genome. Most genes were expressed in direct proportion to the frequency of the allele in the genome with examples of polymorphisms being found with every possible discrete level of dose from 1:11 for single copy alleles to 12:0 for monomorphic sites. The rarer cases of ASE were more frequent in the expression of defense-response genes, as well as in some processes related to the biosynthesis of cell walls. ASE was more common in genes with variants that resulted in significant disruption of function. The low level of ASE may reflect the recent origin of polyploid hybrid sugarcane. Much of the ASE present can be attributed to strong selection for resistance to diseases in both nature and domestication.

A Morphologic Approach to Understanding Molecular Events During Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
D. P. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Endogenous Gene ◽  
Molecular Events

Through the combined technologies of in situ hybridization and transgenic mouse analysis major advances have been made in the understanding of developmental biology. Recent advances in understanding embryogenesis have been accomplished by determining specific gene activation during development, determining the cell specificity of individual activated genes, characterizing the cis regulatory elements of the developmentally regulated genes, and disrupting the activity and functions of these genes during critical stages of development through targeted mutation. In situ hybridization provides highly specific and sensitive detailed information of both the spatial and temporal pattern of endogenous gene expression during embryogenesis. The regulatory elements that determine the tissue specific and temporal related expression pattern of these embryonic genes are then identified and characterized by in situ hybridization through the generation of transgenic mice which carry gene constructs with reporter genes, such as CAT, luciferase, or lac Z, linked to the flanking DNA sequences that exert either positive or negative influence over the expression of the gene in question. Finally once the expression patterns and regulatory elements have been characterized targeted ablation of the developmentally regulated gene can determine or provide important insight into function.

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