H5Nx Viruses Emerged during the Suppression of H5N1 Virus Populations in Poultry

Control Measures ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Major Shift

A major shift in the ecology of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses occurred from 2008 to 2014, when viruses with non-N1 neuraminidase genes (termed H5Nx viruses) emerged and caused global H5 virus outbreaks. Here, we demonstrate that nationwide control measures, including vaccination in China, successfully suppressed H5N1 populations in poultry, providing an opportunity for antigenically distinct H5Nx viruses to emerge.

Epidemiological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Cameroon

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2019/3796369 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marc K. Kouam ◽

Honorine N. Tchouankui ◽

Arouna Njayou Ngapagna

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

H5n1 Virus ◽

Animal Health ◽

Surveillance Network ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Pavo Cristatus ◽

Backyard Chickens ◽

Virus Strains

The epidemiology of avian influenza is unknown in Cameroon despite the two outbreaks that occurred in 2006 and 2016-2017, respectively. In order to fill the gap, an attempt was made to provide some basic information on the epidemiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Cameroon. Thus, data were collected from follow-up reports of the second HPAI outbreaks prepared by the veterinary health officials of Cameroon and sent to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Two HPAI virus strains (H5N1 and H5N8) turned out to occur, with H5N1 virus involved in the Center, South, West, and Adamawa regions outbreaks and H5N8 involved in the Far North outbreak only. The affected hosts were the laying hens, backyard chickens, turkeys, guinea fowls, ducks, broiler and layer breeders, and geese for the H5N1 virus and the Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), pigeon, ducks, backyard chickens, and guinea fowls for the H5N8 virus. The first outbreak took place in Mvog-Betsi poultry complex in the Center region on the 20th May 2016 and spread to other regions. The mortality rate varied from 8% to 72% for H5N1 virus and was 96.26% for the H5N8 strain in Indian peafowl. No human case was recorded. The potential supporting factors for disease dissemination identified on the field were the following: poultry and eggs dealers moving from one farm, market, or town to another without any preventive care; poor biosecurity measures on farms and live poultry markets. After the first HPAI H5N1 virus outbreak in 2006, the second HPAI outbreak ten years later (2016-2017) involving two virus strains is a cause of concern for the poultry industry. The Cameroon Epidemio-Surveillance Network needs to be more watchful.

Transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in Pekin ducks is significantly reduced by a genetically distant H5N2 vaccine

Virology ◽

10.1016/j.virol.2008.08.037 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 382 (1) ◽

pp. 91-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Jeanet A. van der Goot ◽

Michiel van Boven ◽

Arjan Stegeman ◽

Sandra G.P. van de Water ◽

Mart C.M. de Jong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

H5n1 Virus ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Pekin Ducks ◽

Avian Influenza H5n1 ◽

Influenza H5n1

Proteomics Analysis of Differential Expression of Lung Proteins In Response To Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection In Chicken

10.21203/rs.3.rs-573195/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Periyasamy Vijayakumar ◽

Ashwin Ashok Raut ◽

Santhalembi Chingtham ◽

Harshad V Murugkar ◽

Diwakar D. Kulkarni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

H5n1 Virus ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Host Interaction ◽

Hpai H5n1

Abstract Elucidation of molecular pathogenesis underlying virus-host interaction is important for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection in chicken. However, chicken HPAI viral pathogenesis is not completely understood. To elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways and critical host proteins associated with influenza pathogenesis, we characterized the lung proteome of chicken infected with HPAI H5N1 virus (A/duck/India/02CA10/2011/Agartala). The chicken mass spectra data sets comprised1, 47, 451 MS scans and 19, 917 MS/MS scans. At local FDR 5% level, we identified total 3313 chicken proteins with presence of at least one unique peptide. At 12 hrs, 247 proteins are downregulated while 1754 proteins are downregulated at 48 hrs indicating that the host has succumbed to infection. There is expression of proteins of the predominant signaling pathways, such as TLR, RLR, NLR and JAK-STAT signaling. Activation of these pathways is associated with cytokine storm effect and thus may be the cause of severity of HPAI H5N1 infection in chicken. Further we identified proteins like MyD88, IKBKB, IRAK4, RELA, and MAVS involved in the critical signaling pathways and some other novel proteins (HNF4A, ELAVL1, FN1, COPS5, CUL1, BRCA1 and FYN) as main hub proteins that might play important roles in influenza pathogenesis in chicken. Taken together, we characterized the signaling pathways and the proteomic determinants responsible for disease pathogenesis in chicken infected with HPAI H5N1 virus.

Pathology of an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2.1a in turkeys in Bangladesh

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638720965540 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 124-128

Author(s):

Tanjin T. Mumu ◽

Mohammed Nooruzzaman ◽

Azmary Hasnat ◽

Rokshana Parvin ◽

Emdadul H. Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

H5n1 Virus ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Bursa Of Fabricius ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Brain Hemorrhages ◽

The Brain

A mixed-aged flock of 130 turkeys in Bangladesh reported the sudden death of 1 bird in September 2017. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was detected in 3 turkeys, and phylogenetic analysis placed the viruses in the reassortant clade 2.3.2.1a. The birds had clinical signs of depression, diarrhea, weakness, closed eyes, and finally death. The mortality rate of the flock was 13% over the 6 d prior to the flock being euthanized. At autopsy, we observed congestion in lungs and brain, hemorrhages in the trachea, pancreas, breast muscle, coronary fat, intestine, bursa of Fabricius, and kidneys. Histopathology revealed hemorrhagic pneumonia, hemorrhages in the liver and kidneys, and hemorrhages and necrosis in the spleen and pancreas. Significant changes in the brain included gliosis, focal encephalomalacia and encephalitis, and neuronophagia.