THE PRE-ERUPTIVE PLUMBING SYSTEM OF INTERMEDIATE MAGMAS FROM THE MOGOLLON-DATIL VOLCANIC FIELD: INSIGHTS FROM PYROXENE AND PLAGIOCLASE MINERAL CHEMISTRY AND GEOTHERMOBAROMETRY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary S. Michelfelder ◽  
◽  
Conor L. O'Dowd ◽  
Brooke E. Benz
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Plumbing System

MINERAL CHEMISTRY AND PETROLOGY OF RUBIO PEAK FORMATION, MOGOLLON DATIL VOLCANIC FIELD, NEW MEXICO

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Humphreys ◽  
◽  
Gary S. Michelfelder ◽  
Max L. Hoffman ◽  
Shannon Porter Rentz
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Volcanic Field

scholarly journals Evidence of active magmatic rifting at the Ma’Alalta volcanic field (Afar, Ethiopia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmaria Tortelli ◽  
Anna Gioncada ◽  
Carolina Pagli ◽  
Mauro Rosi ◽  
Laura De Dosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Magmatic Activity ◽  
Magma Storage ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Mafic Lava ◽  
Cinder Cones ◽  
Mafic Rocks ◽  
Seismic Networks

AbstractDuring continental rifting, strain and magmatism are believed to localize to narrow magmatic segments, while the rift margin is progressively abandoned. We integrate volcanological, geochemical, petrological and seismic data from the Ma’Alalta volcanic field (MVF) near the western margin of Afar, to show that the MVF is an active magmatic segment. Magmatism in MVF initiated with lava flows and large-volume, caldera-forming ignimbrites from a central edifice. However, the most recent magmatic activity shifted towards mafic lava fields, cinder cones and obsidian-rich silicic domes erupted from vents aligned NNW-SSE, defining a ~ 35-km-long magmatic segment. Along the same area, a NNW-SSE alignment of earthquakes was recorded by two local seismic networks (2005–2009 and 2011–2013). The geochemistry of the mafic rocks is similar to those of nearby axial volcanoes. Inferred magma storage depth from mineral geobarometry shows that a shallow, silicic chamber existed at ~ 5-km depth below the stratovolcano, while a stacked plumbing system with at least three magma storage levels between 9 and 24 km depth fed the recent basalts. We interpret the wide set of observations from the MVF as evidence that the area is an active magmatic segment, showing that localised axial extension can be heavily offset towards the rift margin.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the magmatic plumbing system of Los Humeros Caldera (Mexico): implications for geothermal systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Lucci ◽  
Gerardo Carrasco-Núñez ◽  
Federico Rossetti ◽  
Thomas Theye ◽  
John C. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Geothermal Exploration ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
Plumbing Systems ◽  
Magmatic Plumbing System

Abstract. Understanding the anatomy of magma plumbing systems of active volcanoes is essential not only for unraveling magma dynamics and eruptive behaviors, but also to define the geometry, depth and temperature of the heat sources for geothermal exploration. The Pleistocene-Holocene Los Humeros volcanic complex is part of the Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Central Mexico) and it represents one of the most important exploited geothermal fields in Mexico with ca. 90 MW of produced electricity. A field-based petrologic and thermobarometric study of lavas erupted during the Holocene (post-Caldera stage) has been performed with the aim to decipher the anatomy of the magmatic plumbing system existing beneath the caldera. New petrographical, whole rock major element data and mineral chemistry were integrated within a suite of inverse thermobarometric models. Compared with previous studies where a single voluminous melt-controlled magma chamber (or "Standard Model") at shallow depths was proposed, our results support a more complex and realistic scenario characterized by a heterogeneous multilayered system comprising a deep (ca. 30 km) basaltic reservoir feeding progressively shallower and smaller distinct stagnation layers, pockets and batches up to very shallow conditions (1 kbar, ca. 3 km). Evolution of melts in the feeding system is mainly controlled by differentiation processes via fractional crystallization, as recorded by polybaric crystallization of clinopyroxenes and orthopyroxenes. Moreover, this study attempts to emphasize the importance to integrate field-petrography, texture observations and mineral chemistry of primary minerals to unravel the pre-eruptive dynamics and therefore the anatomy of the plumbing system beneath an active volcanic complex, which notwithstanding the numerous existing works is still far to be well understood. A better knowledge of the heat source feeding geothermal systems is very important to improve geothermal exploration strategies.

THE CERRO COLORADO CINDER CONE, CERROS DEL RIO VOLCANIC FIELD: A STUDY OF MELT EVOLUTION AND PLUMBING SYSTEM DYNAMICS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Falance ◽  
◽  
Joao Lages ◽  
Jennifer Lindline ◽  
Daniel P. Grondin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Cinder Cone ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Melt Evolution ◽  
Cerro Colorado

scholarly journals Stratigraphy of Architectural Elements of a Buried Monogenetic Volcanic System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 581-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Bischoff ◽  
Andrew Nicol ◽  
Jim Cole ◽  
Darren Gravley
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Cone Type ◽  
Geological Evolution

Abstract Large volumes of magma emplaced and deposited within sedimentary basins can have an impact on the architecture and geological evolution of these basins. Over the last decade, continuous improvement in techniques such as seismic volcano-stratigraphy and 3D visualisation of igneous bodies has helped increase knowledge about the architecture of volcanic systems buried in sedimentary basins. Here, we present the complete architecture of the Maahunui Volcanic System (MVS), a middle Miocene monogenetic volcanic field now buried in the offshore Canterbury Basin, South Island of New Zealand. We show the location, geometry, size, and stratigraphic relationships between 25 main intrusive, extrusive and sedimentary architectural elements, in a comprehensive volcano-stratigraphic framework that explains the evolution of the MVS from emplacement to complete burial in the host sedimentary basin. Understanding the relationships between these diverse architectural elements allows us to reconstruct the complete architecture of the MVS, including its shallow (<3 km) plumbing system, the morphology of the volcanoes, and their impact in the host sedimentary basin during their burial. The plumbing system of the MVS comprises saucer-shaped sills, dikes and sill swarms, minor stocks and laccoliths, and pre-eruptive strata deformed by intrusions. The eruptive and associated sedimentary architectural elements define the morphology of volcanoes in the MVS, which comprise deep-water equivalents of crater and cone-type volcanoes. After volcanism ceased, the process of degradation and burial of volcanic edifices formed sedimentary architectural elements such as inter-cone plains, epiclastic plumes, and canyons. Insights from the architecture of the MVS can be used to explore for natural resources such as hydrocarbons, geothermal energy and minerals in buried and active volcanic systems elsewhere.

Identifying the components of Milos island subvolcanic plumbing system (South Aegean Volcanic Arc, Greece): An amphibole perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamatios Xydous ◽  
Ioannis Baziotis ◽  
Michael Bizimis ◽  
Stephan Klemme ◽  
Jasper Berndt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Amphibole Composition ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Dominant Component

&lt;p&gt;Over the last ~3 Ma, the volcanic complex of Milos Island has evolved from a shallow submarine into a subaerial edifice. It has erupted almost the entire range of calc-alkaline series compositions, but silicic units are volumetrically dominant (Fytikas et al., 1986; Stewart &amp; McPhie, 2006). Although numerous studies have been published, data on the mineral record of the magmatic processes are absent. We examined amphiboles from 3 explosive and 4 effusive units, ranging from andesite to rhyolite, to gain insights into the structure and evolution of the plumbing system. Like many arc volcanoes worldwide, Milos products contain bimodal amphibole populations, often present within the same unit. Mg-hornblende (6.79-7.22 a.p.f.u. Si) forms macro-crysts (&gt;600 &amp;#956;m; often partly decomposed) and crystal clots with plagioclase (An&lt;sub&gt;47-51&lt;/sub&gt;), orthopyroxene (Wo&lt;sub&gt;1-2&lt;/sub&gt;En&lt;sub&gt;61-62&lt;/sub&gt;Fs&lt;sub&gt;37-38&lt;/sub&gt;), and magnetite in the effusive units and phenocrysts (300-600 &amp;#956;m) in more evolved pumices. Mg-hastingsite occurs in effusive units as: (1) pristine micro-phenocrysts (&lt;300 &amp;#956;m; 6.22-6.58 a.p.f.u. Si); (2) relics (6.22-6.46 a.p.f.u. Si) in the inner domains of pseudomorphs mostly replaced by coarse-grained orthopyroxene (Wo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;En&lt;sub&gt;68&lt;/sub&gt;Fs&lt;sub&gt;30&lt;/sub&gt;) rimmed by clinopyroxene (Wo&lt;sub&gt;43&lt;/sub&gt;En&lt;sub&gt;47&lt;/sub&gt;Fs&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;), plagioclase (An&lt;sub&gt;47&lt;/sub&gt;), and magnetite; and (3) framework-forming crystals in quenched enclaves; and (4) the only amphibole (6.29-6.59 a.p.f.u. Si) phenocrysts in andesitic scoria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Temperature (T) and pressure (P) conditions were calculated by applying hornblende-plagioclase (Holland and Blundy, 1994) and amphibole composition (Ridolfi and Renzulli, 2012) thermo-barometers. Amphibole compositions and calculated P-T conditions are in good agreement with experimentally grown amphiboles. Mg-hornblende compositions and their petrographic context are consistent with cold storage (780&amp;#177;24&amp;#176;C) in a near-solidus, upper crustal (1.7-2.8 kbar) silicic mush. This scenario is further supported by the rhyolitic (74&amp;#177;3.6 wt.% SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) compositions of calculated melts in equilibrium with Mg-hornblende, in contrast with the less evolved bulk compositions of the host effusive units. Although the explosive eruptions likely originated from differentiated, crystal-poor melt pockets in the mush, the more common effusions of hybrid andesite-dacite magmas resulted from interaction between mafic recharge magma and the silicic mush. This interaction is preserved in the disequilibrium textures affecting both Mg-hornblendes and Mg-hastingsites, coupled with the growth of high-T (960-885&amp;#176;C) post-recharge Mg-hastingsite. Most of the recharge magmas in Milos are effectively dispersed, trapped, and hybridized in the upper crust, although in rare cases magmas from a deeper crustal storage region (T~960-885&amp;#176;C;P~3.8-5.1 kbar) erupted after limited interaction with the upper crustal storage system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The mineral chemistry reveals that a large, shallow, silicic reservoir has been the dominant component of the Pliocene plumbing system beneath Milos. Magma inputs from deeper crustal sources are preserved in enclaves and volumetrically minor explosive products. The plumbing system of Milos shares similarities with other Aegean arc volcanoes, where magmas experience storage, differentiation, and assimilation in different crustal levels, like Methana (Popa et al., 2020).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acknowledgements&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The research work was supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) under the HFRI PhD Fellowship grant (Fellowship Number: 364).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fytikas, M. et al. (1986). JVGR,28(3-4),297-317.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Holland, T., &amp; Blundy, J. (1994).CTMP,116(4),433-447.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Popa, R.G. et al. (2020).JVGR, 106884.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ridolfi, F., &amp;Renzulli, A. (2012).CTMP,163(5),877-895.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stewart, A.L., &amp; McPhie, J. (2006).BulV,68(7-8),703-726.&lt;/p&gt;

The eccentric cones Monte De Fiore, Monti Rossi, Monte Spagnolo and the 2002/2003 eruption, Mt. Etna: evidence for magma mixing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Bauer ◽  
Theodoros Ntaflos ◽  
Rainer Abart ◽  
Pier-Paolo Giacomoni ◽  
Carmelo Ferlito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Melt Inclusions ◽  
Magma Mixing ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Geodynamic Setting ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Normal Zoning

&lt;p&gt;Mt. Etna is one of the most protrusive features of the eastern coastline of Sicily, Italy. As Europe&amp;#8217;s most active volcano it has been studied extensively to reveal its geodynamic setting, plumbing system and due to the constant monitoring of the volcano edifice the prediction of the risk future events is sophisticated at Mt. Etna.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The eruptive activity has been divided according to the age into 6 stages: (1) &amp;#8220;Tholeiitic Stage&amp;#8221;, was active between 600-320 ka ago, (2) the &amp;#8220;Timpe Stage&amp;#8221; between 220 and 110 ka ago, (3) the &amp;#8220;Ancient Alcaline Volcanism&amp;#8221;&amp;#160; between 110 and 65 ka ago and (4) the &amp;#8220;Ellittico Stage&amp;#8221; between 57 and 15 ka ago (5) the &amp;#8220;Mongibello Stage&amp;#8221; from 15 ka ago until 1971 and (6) the &amp;#8220;post -1971 Stage&amp;#8221; active since 1971 (Casetta et al., 2019).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lava propagating through the Etnean plumbing system generated a complex network consisting of sills and dykes responsible for the formation of the summit craters and a plethora of eccentric cones that cover the flanks of the volcano.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We studied whole rock and mineral chemistry of the lavas from three eccentric cones (Monte Spagnolo, Monte Fiori and Monte Rossi) and the 2002/2003 southern flank lava flow. All lavas are characterized by trachytic texture with variable modal composition of olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase phenocrysts. Euhedral and skeletal olivine phenocrysts can be distinguished into three main groups; a) normal zoning, b) inverse zoning, and c) patchy appearance with melt inclusions of andesitic and trachytic composition. The Monte Spagnolo whole rock composition has an Mg# ranging between 52-54 and 10.7 wt% CaO , being are the most primitive lavas among the sampled outcrops whereas the Monte De Fiore lavas are the most evolved since the Mg# ranges from 48.6 to 49.2 and the CaO content from 11 to 11.2 wt%. Both, Monti Rossi and the&amp;#160; 2002/2003 lava flow are more evolved than the Monte Spagnolo since they have Mg# ~ 50 and 49-49.3 respectively. The CaO concentration in both outcrops is relatively constant ranging around 10.5 wt%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The olivine compositions follow the same trend as their whole rocks. The most MgO-rich olivine (Fo=88.9 %) was found in the Monte Spagnolo lavas. This olivine is of magmatic origin and cannot be considered as mantle derived xenocryst since the NiO content is low (NiO=0.17 &amp;#8211; 0.2 wt%) and the CaO-content high (CaO=0.24 &amp;#8211; 0.26 wt%). The most evolved lavas from Monte De Fiore have the lowest Fo-content (Fo=75 - 78 %). Olivine from all samples has a characteristic inverse zonation with, at Monti Rossi and 2002/2003 lava flow, Fo-content in the core ranging from 69% to 75% and in the rim from 77% to 80% respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, the studied eccentric cones show extensive magma mixing as can be inferred from the olivine inverse zoning. Monte Spagnolo lavas represent the most primitive magma formed at high temperatures (olivine skeletal growing) and the Monte De Fiore lavas the most evolved magma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Casetta et al., 2019. International Geology Review, DOI: 10.1080/00206814.2019.1610979&lt;/p&gt;

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