ENHANCED COLLABORATIVE PLATFORM ASMITAS – DIGITAL APPLICATION BASED ON THE SASMIT SEDIMENT COLOR TOOL FOR TARGETING AQUIFERS FOR SAFE DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Sharma ◽  
◽  
Prosun Bhattacharya ◽  
Debraj Kumar ◽  
Prashanth Perugupalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Collaborative Platform

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Enhancement for Solar Disinfection of Water: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Byrne ◽  
Pilar A. Fernandez-Ibañez ◽  
Patrick S. M. Dunlop ◽  
Dheaya M. A. Alrousan ◽  
Jeremy W. J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Semiconductor Photocatalysis ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

It is estimated that 884 million people lack access to improved water supplies. Many more are forced to rely on supplies that are microbiologically unsafe, resulting in a higher risk of waterborne diseases, including typhoid, hepatitis, polio, and cholera. Due to poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water, there are around 4 billion cases of diarrhea each year resulting in 2.2 million deaths, most of these are children under five. While conventional interventions to improve water supplies are effective, there is increasing interest in household-based interventions to produce safe drinking water at an affordable cost for developing regions. Solar disinfection (SODIS) is a simple and low cost technique used to disinfect drinking water, where water is placed in transparent containers and exposed to sunlight for 6 hours. There are a number of parameters which affect the efficacy of SODIS, including the solar irradiance, the quality of the water, and the nature of the contamination. One approach to SODIS enhancement is the use of semiconductor photocatalysis to produce highly reactive species that can destroy organic pollutants and inactivate water pathogens. This paper presents a critical review concerning semiconductor photocatalysis as a potential enhancement technology for solar disinfection of water.

Toxicological Basis for Drinking Water: Unreasonable Risk to Health Values

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Jennifer Orme Zavaleta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Adverse Health Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Health Values ◽  
Population Sensitivity

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) to ensure that the water obtained from a public water supply is safe to drink. Under the SDWA, EPA establishes enforceable maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for contaminants that may have an adverse health effect and are known or anticipated to occur in water. Occasionally, public water supplies are unable to meet the MCL at the time it becomes enforceable. The SDWA allows public water supplies to apply to the State for a temporary variance or exemption from an MCL(s) as long as the concentration of the contaminant(s) exceeding the MCL(s) does not result in an unreasonable risk to human health. EPA has developed guidance to assist States in determining what level above the MCL presents an unreasonable health risk. In developing this guidance, the toxicity exhibited by each regulated contaminant is evaluated individually. Consideration is also given to the available risk assessments (short-term and long-term) for each contaminant, comparing carcinogenic risks with noncarcinogenic assessments. Other factors that may be considered on a contaminant by contaminant basis include for example, past exposure and expected duration of the variance or exemption period, population sensitivity, and volatilization of the contaminant from drinking water.

scholarly journals Status of risk-based approach and national framework for safe drinking water in small water supplies of the Nordic water sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 113627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Gunnarsdottir ◽  
Sigurdur M. Gardarsson ◽  
Anna Charlotte Schultz ◽  
Hans-Jörgen Albrechtsen ◽  
Lisbeth Truelstrup Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Small Water ◽  
National Framework

In pursuit of sustainable water solutions in emerging regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R. Brunson ◽  
Lowell W. Busenitz ◽  
David A. Sabatini ◽  
Paul Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Enabling Environment ◽  
Cultural Assessment

While lack of access to consistent safe drinking water is estimated to affect nearly 2 billion people worldwide, many of the efforts to solve this crisis have proven to be unsustainable. This paper discusses some of the reasons for these challenges and suggests interdisciplinary practices that could be integrated from the very beginning of a water intervention to achieve long-term success. Of key importance for sustainable water implementation is an enabling environment that incorporates aspects such as funding, potential for market development, and supportive governance. While this enabling environment is acknowledged, the focus of this work is on the integration of three key areas: (i) social and cultural assessment of behavior and preferences; (ii) market-based implementation approaches that draw on this knowledge; and (iii) technology development for these markets.

Enteric viruses in drinking water supplies

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
A.P. Wyn-Jones ◽  
J. Watkins ◽  
C. Francis ◽  
M. Laverick ◽  
J. Sellwood
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Water Supplies

Two rural spring drinking water supplies were studied for their enteric virus levels. In one, serving about 30 dwellings, the water was chlorinated before distribution; in the other, which served a dairy and six dwellings the water was not treated. Samples of treated (40 l) and untreated (20 l) water were taken under normal and heavy rainfall conditions over a six weeks period and concentrated by adsorption/elution and organic flocculation. Infectious enterovirus in concentrates was detected in liquid culture and enumerated by plaque assay, both in BGM cells, and concentrates were also analysed by RT-PCR. Viruses were found in both raw water supplies. Rural supplies need to be analysed for viruses as well as bacterial and protozoan pathogens if the full microbial hazard is to be determined.

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