The Forms of Linear Structure of Overland Flow in Medium-Height Mountain Regions: Case Study of the Sikhote Alin

Designing for exceedance events consists in designing a continuous route for overland flow to deal with flows exceeding the sewer system’s capacity and to mitigate flooding risk. A review is carried out here on flood safety/hazard criteria, which generally establish thresholds for the water depth and flood velocity, or a relationship between them. The effects of the cross-section shape, roughness and slope of streets in meeting the criteria are evaluated based on equations, graphical results and one case study. An expedited method for the verification of safety criteria based solely on flow is presented, saving efforts in detailing models and increasing confidence in the results from simplified models. The method is valid for 0.1 m2/s 0.5 m2/s. The results showed that a street with a 1.8% slope, 75 m1/3s−1 and a rectangular cross-section complies with the threshold 0.3 m2/s for twice the flow of a street with the same width but with a conventional cross-section shape. The flow will be four times greater for a 15% street slope. The results also highlighted that the flood flows can vary significantly along the streets depending on the sewers’ roughness and the flow transfers between the major and minor systems, such that the effort detailing a street’s cross-section must be balanced with all of the other sources of uncertainty.

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Characterizing Overland Flow on a Preferential Infiltration Dominated Hillslope: Case Study

Journal of Hydrologic Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2008)13:7(563) ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 563-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rupak Sarkar ◽

Subashisa Dutta ◽

Sushma Panigrahy

Keyword(s):

Overland Flow

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A comparative case study of MTInSAR approaches for deformation monitoring of the cultural landscape of the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall

10.21203/rs.3.rs-301999/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hang Xu ◽

Fulong Chen ◽

Wei Zhou

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Linear Structure ◽

Deformation Monitoring ◽

Sar Interferometry ◽

Comparative Case Study ◽

Rock Falls ◽

High Resolution Data ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

Great Wall

Abstract The Great Wall of China is one of the largest architectural heritage sites globally, and its sustainability is a significant concern. However, its large extent and diverse characteristics cause challenges for deformation monitoring. In this study, the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall was investigated in a case study to ascertain the damage and potential hazards of the architectural site. Two standard multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MTInSAR) technologies, including persistent scatterer SAR interferometry (PSInSAR) and small baseline subset (SBAS) SAR interferometry, were used for deformation monitoring using high-resolution TerraSAR-X data acquired in 2015–2017. The results of the two MTInSAR approaches revealed the health condition of the Great Wall. The Shanhaiguan section was stable, but local instabilities caused by rock falls were detected in some mountainous areas. In addition, the applicability of PSInSAR and SBAS was evaluated. The performance analysis of the two approaches indicated that a more reliable and adaptable MTInSAR technique needs to be developed for monitoring the Great Wall. This study demonstrates the potential of MTInSAR technology with high-resolution data for the health diagnosis of heritage sites with a linear structure, such as the Great Wall.

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Climate-related hydrological change and human vulnerability in remote mountain regions: a case study from Khumbu, Nepal

Regional Environmental Change ◽

10.1007/s10113-012-0333-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 299-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

G. McDowell ◽

J. D. Ford ◽

B. Lehner ◽

L. Berrang-Ford ◽

A. Sherpa

Keyword(s):

Mountain Regions ◽

Human Vulnerability ◽

Hydrological Change

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Usage of SIMWE model to model urban overland flood: a case study in Oslo

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2020.068 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 366-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hong Li ◽

Hongkai Gao ◽

Yanlai Zhou ◽

Chong-Yu Xu ◽

Rengifo Z. Ortega M. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Resolution ◽

Water Depth ◽

Large Scale ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Depth Maps ◽

Physically Based ◽

Spatially Distributed ◽

Overland Flow Model

Abstract There has been a surge of interest in the field of urban flooding in recent years. However, current stormwater management models are often too complex to apply on a large scale. To fill this gap, we use a physically based and spatially distributed overland flow model, SIMulated Water Erosion (SIMWE). The SIMWE model requires only rainfall intensity, terrain, infiltration, and surface roughness as input. The SIMWE model has great potential for application in real-time flood forecasting. In this study, we use the SIMWE model at two resolutions (20 m and 500 m) for Oslo, and at a high resolution (1 m) at the Grefsen area, which is approximately 1.5 km2 in Oslo. The results show that the SIMWE model can generate water depth maps at both coarse and high resolutions. The spatial resolution has strong impacts on the absolute values of water depth and subsequently on the classification of flood risks. The SIMWE model at a higher spatial resolution produces more overland flow and higher estimation of flood risk with low rainfall input, but larger areas of risk with high rainfall input. The Grefsen case study shows that roads act as floodways, where overland flow accumulates and moves fast.

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