Genetic Diversity of a Post-Cryogenic Fragaria vesca L. Clone after Long-Term Cultivation in vitro and Influenced by Abiotic Factors

Balancing selection, an evolutionary force that retains genetic diversity, has been detected in multiple genes and organisms, such as the sexual mating loci in fungi. In tetrapolar basidiomycete fungi, sexual type is determined by two unlinked loci, MATA and MATB. These loci are usually highly diverse, but with conserved domains. Previous studies have revealed that species of the genus Trichaptum (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) possess a tetrapolar mating system, with multiple inferred alleles for MATA and MATB. Here, we sequenced a total of a hundred and eighty specimens of three Trichaptum species. We characterized the chromosomal location of MATA (chromosome 2) and MATB (chromosome 9), the molecular structure of MAT regions and their allelic richness. We found multiple MAT alleles segregating in both multiple Trichaptum specimens, and the non-Trichaptum species included for comparison. Phylogenetic analyses and various nucleotide statistics suggested that long-term balancing selection has generated trans-species polymorphisms. Mating sequences were classified in different allelic classes based on an identity threshold of higher than 86%. The observed allelic classes could potentially generate 14,560 different mating types. The inferred allelic information mirrored the outcome of in vitro crosses, thus allowing us to support the degree of allelic divergence needed for successful mating. Even with the high amount of divergence, key amino acids in functional domains are conserved. We conclude that the genetic diversity of mating in Trichaptum loci is due to long-term balancing selection that likely promote sexual outcrossing, with limited recombination and duplication activity. Our large number of sequenced specimens highlighted the importance of sequencing multiple individuals from different species to detect the mating-related genes, the mechanisms generating diversity and the evolutionary forces maintaining them.

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Long-term Cultivation in vitro of a Dibenzanthracene Mouse Sarcoma

Nature ◽

10.1038/152299a0 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 152 (3854) ◽

pp. 299-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. JACOBY

Keyword(s):

Mouse Sarcoma ◽

Cultivation In Vitro

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Axenic in vitro culture and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis from red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Thomson’s gazelle (Gazella thomsonii)

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.2478/s11686-014-0279-2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Piotr Solarczyk ◽

Anna Majewska ◽

Anna Słodkowicz-Kowalska

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

In Vitro Cultures ◽

Short And Long Term

AbstractGiardia duodenalis is an ubiquitous flagellate that infects humans and many species of animals. This species exhibits great biotypic and genetic diversity. In the present study, we established short- and long-term in vitro cultures of G. duodenalis trophozoites originating from red deer and Thomson’s gazelle (artiodactyls) and genetically characterised the isolates by their glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase gene sequences. The G. duodenalis isolates from red deer and the gazelle represented assemblages A (AIII sub-assemblage) and B. In conclusion, G. duodenalis assemblages and sub-assemblages can be associated with differences in growth rate in vitro cultures.

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Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159412 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

D.E. Loudy ◽

J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽

J.T. Yarrington ◽

F.Y. Thompson ◽

J.P. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Induced Aggregation ◽

Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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Human thymic epithelial cells maintain long-term survival of clonogenic myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells in vitro

British Journal of Haematology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02337.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 111 (1) ◽

pp. 363-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katsuto Takenaka ◽

Mine Harada ◽

Tomoaki Fujisaki ◽

Koji Nagafuji ◽

Shinichi Mizuno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽

Erythroid Progenitor ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Erythroid Progenitor Cells

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Human liver cell cultivation for long-term in vitro toxicity studies in a miniaturized multi-compartment 3D bioreactor system

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie ◽

10.1055/s-0030-1269553 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (01) ◽

Author(s):

SA Hoffmann ◽

M Lübberstedt ◽

U Müller-Vieira ◽

D Knobeloch ◽

A Nüssler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cell ◽

Human Liver ◽

In Vitro Toxicity ◽

Cell Cultivation ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Human Liver Cell ◽

Bioreactor System

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Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 89-99

Author(s):

K. Choudhary ◽

M. Singh ◽

M. S. Rathore ◽

N. S. Shekhawat

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Continuous Application ◽

First Time ◽

Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

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