Winter soil CO2 efflux and its contribution to annual soil respiration in different ecosystems of Ebinur Lake Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Qin ◽  
G. H. Lv ◽  
X. M. He ◽  
J. J. Yang ◽  
H. L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Ebinur Lake

scholarly journals Significance of soil respiration from biological activity in the degradation processes of different types of organic matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Total Soil

Soil respiration is a major component of global carbon cycle. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the environmental controls on soil respiration for evaluating potential response of ecosystems to climate change. In a temperate deciduous forest (located in Northern-Hungary) we added or removed aboveground and belowground litter to determine total soil respiration. We investigated the relationship between total soil CO2 efflux, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Soil CO2 efflux was measured at each plot using soda-lime method. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was monitored via measuring soil temperature on an hourly basis, while soil moisture was determined monthly. Soil respiration increased in control plots from the second year after implementing the treatment, but results showed fluctuations from one year to another. The effect of doubled litter was less significant than the effect of removal. Removed litter and root inputs caused substantial decrease in soil respiration. We found that temperature was more influential in the control of soil respiration than soil moisture. In plots with no litter Q10 varied in the largest interval. For treatment with doubled litter layer, temperature sensitivity of CO2 efflux did not change considerably. The effect of increasing soil temperature is more conspicuous to soil respiration in litter removal treatments since lack of litter causes greater irradiation. When exclusively leaf litter was considered, the effect of temperature on soil respiration was lower in treatments with added litter than with removed litter. Our results reveal that soil life is impacted by the absence of organic matter, rather than by an excess of organic matter. Results of CO2 emission from soils with different organic matter content can contribute to sustainable land use, considering the changed climatic factors caused by global climate change.

scholarly journals Leaf gas exchange in cowpea and CO2 efflux in soil irrigated with saline water

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderson J. de Oliveira ◽  
Edivan R. de Souza ◽  
Jailson C. Cunha ◽  
Ênio F. de F. e Silva ◽  
Venâncio de L. Veloso
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Leaf gas exchanges in plants and soil respiration are important tools for assessing the effects of salinity on the soil-plant system. An experiment was conducted with cowpea irrigated with saline water (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 dS m-1) prepared with two sources: NaCl and a mixture of Ca, Mg, Na, K and Cl ions in a randomized block design and a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates, totaling 48 experimental plots. At 20 days after planting (DAP), plants were evaluated for net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) using the Infra-Red Gas Analyzer (Model XT6400- LICOR), and water use efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation were calculated. At 60 DAP, the soil CO2 efflux (soil respiration) was determined with a camera (Model 6400-09- LICOR). Salinity caused reductions in A, gs and E. However, the salt source did not have significant effect on these variables. Soil CO2 efflux was reduced with the increase in the electrical conductivity, especially in the mixture of ions.

Soil CO2 efflux vs. soil respiration: Implications for flux models

2011 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maier ◽  
H. Schack-Kirchner ◽  
E.E. Hildebrand ◽  
D. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2

scholarly journals Autotrophic component of soil respiration is repressed by drought more than the heterotrophic one in dry grasslands

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 5171-5182 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Balogh ◽  
Marianna Papp ◽  
Krisztina Pintér ◽  
Szilvia Fóti ◽  
Katalin Posta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Dry Grassland ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Total Soil Respiration

Abstract. Summer droughts projected to increase in central Europe due to climate changes strongly influence the carbon cycle of ecosystems. Persistent respiration activities during drought periods are responsible for a significant carbon loss, which may turn the ecosystem from a sink into a source of carbon. There are still gaps in our knowledge regarding the characteristic changes taking place in the respiration of the different components of the ecosystem in response to drought events.In the present study, we combined a physical separation of soil respiration components with continuous measurements of soil CO2 efflux and its isotopic (13C) signals at a dry grassland site in Hungary. The physical separation of soil respiration components was performed by means of inox meshes and tubes inserted into the soil. The root-excluded and root- and mycorrhiza-excluded treatments served to measure the isotopic signals of the rhizospheric, mycorrhizal fungi and heterotrophic components, respectively.In the dry grassland investigated in the study the three components of the soil CO2 efflux decreased at different rates under drought conditions. During drought the contribution made by the heterotrophic components was the highest (54 ± 8 %; mean ±SE). Rhizospheric component was the most sensitive to soil drying with its relative contribution to the total soil respiration dropping from 66 ± 7 (non-stressed) to 35 ± 17 % (mean ±SE) under drought conditions. According to our results the heterotrophic component of soil respiration is the major contributor to the respiration activities during drought events in the dry grassland ecosystem studied.

scholarly journals Carbon balance of surfaces vs. ecosystems: advantages of measuring eddy covariance and soil respiration simultaneously in dry grassland ecosystems

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 941-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Nagy ◽  
K. Pintér ◽  
M. Pavelka ◽  
E. Darenová ◽  
J. Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Gradient Method ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Chamber System ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Small Chamber

Abstract. An automated open system for measurement of soil CO2 efflux (Rsc) was developed and calibrated against known fluxes and tested in the field, while measuring soil respiration also by the gradient method (Rsg) at a dry sandy grassland (Bugac, Hungary). Ecosystem respiration (Reco) was measured by the eddy covariance technique. Small chamber size (5 cm in diameter) of the chamber system made it possible to use the chambers also in vegetation gaps, thereby avoiding the necessity of removing shoots, the disturbance of the spatial structure of vegetation and the upper soil layer. Low air flow rates associated with small chamber volume and chamber design allowed the overpressure range to stabilize between 0.05–0.12 Pa. While the correlation between ecosystem and soil CO2 efflux rates as measured by the independent methods was significant, Reco rates were similar or even lower than Rsc in the low flux (up to 2 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) range, probably due to the larger than assumed storage flux. The gradient method showed both up and downward CO2 fluxes originating from the main rooting zone after rains. Downward fluxes within the soil profile amounted to 15% of the simultaneous upward fluxes and to ~ 7.6% of the total (upward) effluxes during the 3 months study. The upper 5 cm soil layer contributed to ~ 50% of the total soil CO2 efflux. The continuously operated automatic open chamber system and the gradient system makes possible the detection of situations when the eddy system underestimates Reco, gives the lower limit of underestimation (chamber system) and helps in quantifying the downward flux component of soil respiration (gradient method) between the soil layers. These latter (downward) fluxes are expected to seriously affect (1) the Reco vs. temperature response functions and (2) the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) vs. photon flux density response functions, therefore potentially affecting also the gap filling procedures and to led to a situation (3) when the measured surface and the real time ecosystem fluxes will necessarily differ in the short term. Simultaneous measurements of Reco and soil CO2 effluxes may reveal the time and degree of the above decoupling, thereby contributing to decrease uncertainty, associated with eddy flux measurements over flat terrains. While the correlation between chamber fluxes and gradient fluxes was strong, gradient fluxes were generally larger than the flux from chambers. Calibration of gradient flux system by chamber effluxes is proposed.

scholarly journals Carbon fluxes of surfaces vs. ecosystems: advantages of measuring eddy covariance and soil respiration simultaneously in dry grassland ecosystems

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2523-2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Nagy ◽  
K. Pintér ◽  
M. Pavelka ◽  
E. Darenová ◽  
J. Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Gradient Method ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Small Chamber

Abstract. An automated open system for measurement of soil CO2 efflux (Rsc) was developed and calibrated against known fluxes. The system was tested in the field, while estimating soil respiration simultaneously by the gradient method (Rsg) at a dry, sandy grassland site (Bugac, Hungary). Ecosystem respiration (Rego) was measured using the eddy covariance technique. The small chamber size (5 cm in diameter) made it possible to use the chambers in vegetation gaps, thereby avoiding the necessity of removing shoots and disturbing the spatial structure of vegetation and the upper soil layer. Low air flow rates associated with small chamber volume and chamber design allowed the overpressure range to stabilize between 0.05–0.12 Pa. The correlation between ecosystem and soil CO2 efflux rates as measured by the independent methods was significant, Reco rates were similar or even lower than Rsc in the low flux (up to 2 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) range but the differences were within the uncertainty limits for the two fluxes. Rsc from trenched and non-trenched plots amounted to 16 % and 44 % of Reco, respectively. The gradient method showed both up and downward CO2 fluxes originating from the main rooting zone after rains. Diffusive retardation played a smaller role than CO2 production considering the soil air CO2 concentration increase after rains in a given layer. Downward fluxes within the soil profile amounted to 15 % of the simultaneous upward fluxes and to ~7.6 % of the total (upward) effluxes during the 3-month study. The upper 5 cm soil layer contributed to ~50 % of the total soil CO2 efflux. Downward fluxes are expected to seriously affect (1) the Reco vs. temperature response functions and (2) the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) vs. photon flux density response functions, therefore potentially affecting the gap filling procedures and to lead to a situation (3) when the measured surface and the real time ecosystem fluxes will necessarily differ in the short term. Simultaneous measurements of Reco and soil CO2 effluxes may reveal the timing and magnitude of the decoupling, thereby contributing to decreasing uncertainty associated with eddy flux measurements over flat terrains. While the correlations between CO2 effluxes measured by independent systems are strong, Rsg was generally larger than Rsc or Reco, mainly due to overestimation of effective diffusivity in the soil.

scholarly journals Influence of different tree species on autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration in a mined area under reclamation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Valente ◽  
Marllon Castro ◽  
Lucas Gomes ◽  
Julio Cesar Neves ◽  
IVO Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Heterotrophic Soil Respiration

Planting trees is one of the most effective activities in recovering soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of degraded areas, but we still lack information on how different tree species can influence soil respiration, one of the main sources of dioxide carbon (CO2) to the atmosphere. This study aimed to explore the influence of different forest species on the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of the total soil respiration in a bauxite mining area under reclamation. We analysed the soil CO2 efflux under five treatments: i) monoculture of clonal Eucalyptus; ii) monoculture of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.); iii) a mixed plantation of 16 native forest species (Nat); iv) a mined area without vegetation cover; and v) a natural forest cover. This design allowed exploring the soil CO2 dynamics in a gradient of recovery, from a degraded area to natural vegetation. Additionally, we measured soil temperature, moisture and soil characteristics. Soil CO2 efflux increased with increasing forest species cover in the rainy months. There was no significant change in CO2 efflux among the tree species. Heterotrophic soil respiration contributed to 64% of total soil CO2 efflux and was associated with litter decomposition. Amongst the abiotic variables, increases in soil moisture had the most influence on CO2 efflux. Therefore, these results help to understand the factors that underpin the loss of SOC and can orient management practices to improve soil organic matter and restore soil quality in degraded areas.

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