Mongols on the Don: Recreating Lost Historical Context by Scientific Methods

The aim of the study is to define the multiplicity and specificity of the approaches of the Kharkiv artists of the 1960s — 1980s to the visualization of Christian imagery and motives. Research methodology is based on the combination of general scientific methods of systematization, classification, synthesis, and specialized ones, related to the field of art history, namely formal and comparative, iconological and compositional analysis. Results. The paper is focused on the specificity of functioning of the religious theme in the fine art of Kharkiv of the 1960s — 1980s. It’s emphasized that, due to the trajectory of political discourse of that time, Christian imagery in the Ukrainian late Soviet art was largely marginalized and existed mainly in the veiled, latent form. A significant number of easel paintings, graphic and photographic works by Kharkiv artists, who belong to the circles of unofficial and “allowed” art, was analyzed. The historical context of the creation of those works is outlined. Its development was defined by a vast presence of the state control. It is shown that the authors’ perception of the given problematics was characterized by the inclination towards reflecting social reality through irony and deconstruction of the familiar sacred images and iconographic schemes (Crucifixion, Madonna, Pieta, eschatological motives). It is emphasized that such approach was often realized through the methods of collage and citation, which amplify the split between the mundanity and the Sublime. Novelty. The study attempts to give a comprehensive overview of the development of the religious motives and characters in the Ukrainian late Soviet art. The practical significance. The key points of the paper can be used both for further study of the representation of the category of sacred and transformation of its role in the Ukrainian culture in the second half of the XX — beginning of the XXI century, and its practical application in the educational and exhibition projects.

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The Methodology of Religious Studies in Islamic Thought

Journal of Qur anic Studies ◽

10.3366/jqs.2000.2.2.145 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 145-174

Author(s):

Muhammad Abdallah al-Sharqawi

Keyword(s):

Historical Context ◽

Religious Studies ◽

Academic Community ◽

Islamic Culture ◽

The West ◽

Religious Texts ◽

Scientific Methods ◽

Critical Studies ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

The Subject

The reader of the Qur'an is aware of many Qur'anic forms of inter-religious comparison. One of these is reflected in the context of the controversy of the unbelievers, or the deniers of Islamic doctrine, and one in a descriptive historical context. The Qur'an initiated the comparison of religions and revelations, and Islamic culture witnessed broad-scope activity in comparative religious studies. Islamic thought was opened up to the world's religions and made them an established subject of study and research. The intellectuals of Islam introduced numerous scientific methods which were relevant and pertinent to the nature of this subject (religions), deriving their material concerning every religion from reliable original sources. Religious Studies as a discipline has taken religions collectively to be the subject of scientific study through objective methods, having principles, characteristics and rules to which members of this academic community have aspired, and in this, Islamic thought has taken a share both early and distinctive. This article will argue that critical studies of religious texts by Jewish and Christian scholars in the West have reached the same conclusions previously reached by Muslim scholars.

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The historical understanding of the Old Testament in South Africa: Colenso, Le Roux and beyond

Verbum et Ecclesia ◽

10.4102/ve.v34i2.793 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Hendrik L. Bosman

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

20Th Century ◽

Old Testament ◽

Historical Context ◽

Historical Understanding ◽

Scientific Methods ◽

Social Scientific ◽

Methodological Principles ◽

Annales School

Isaiah Berlin quoted Archilochus to distinguish between two styles of academic reasoning that, to some extent, summarises the transition of historiography from Modernism to Postmodernism: �The fox knows many things but the hedgehog knows one big thing.� The modernistic master narratives of the first half of the 20th century (quests for the �centre of the Old Testament� etc.) were in obvious decline during the second half of the 20th century and, triggered by the Annales school of historiography social scientific methods, were incorporated into the study of ancient Israel. Historiography became less of an art that depended on an informed imagination and more like a science that presupposed empirical or social scientific research and a multidisciplinary approach to describe and explain the past. Against this backdrop, the historical understanding of the Old Testament in South Africa was discussed, starting with one of its oldest exponents, Bishop J.W. Colenso (disproving the chronological priority of the �E source�, rejecting the �truth proving� function of archaeology and interpreting biblical texts within the historical context of its writing), and concluding with the current chair of the Old Testament Society of South Africa, Prof J.H. le Roux (influenced by Old Testament scholars such as G. von Rad and E. Otto and historiographers such as E. Troeltsch and R.G. Collingwood). The methodological principles of historiography suggested by Troeltsch (criticism, analogy and correlation) were adapted to describe and explain some trends in South African Old Testament historiography that go beyond a superficial division between maximalists and minimalists.

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Agrarian Production Growth in the Nizhneudinsk District of the Irkutsk Province in the Late ХIХ – Early ХХ Centuries

Bulletin of Kemerovo State University ◽

10.21603/2078-8975-2018-3-43-48 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

A. L. Matveenko

Keyword(s):

Historical Context ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Agricultural Industry ◽

Scientific Methods ◽

Progressive Development ◽

Mass Migration ◽

Production Growth ◽

General Scientific ◽

Agrarian Development ◽

Advanced Development

The research features the process of agrarian development in the Nizhneudinsk area of the Irkutsk province in the late XIX – early ХХ centuries, its agricultural industry, as well as the influence of mass migration and the construction of the TransSiberian Railway on the local agrarian development. The author identified regional tendencies in the development of agrarian production in the Nizhneudinsk district in the period described. The paper gives a detailed description of the local agricultural production and the land use system. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of the cultivated areas and the causes of crop failure. The author has managed to establish a close connection of the phenomena with the socio-economic and natural factors.In the late XIX – early ХХ centuries the subregion was a real "territory of advanced development", in modern terms. The analysis of the agrarian development of the Nizhneudinsk district shows a progressive development of the agrarian production. The methodology is based on the principles and methods of scientific knowledge, including the principle of historicism, according to which the agrarian development of the subregion is considered in the historical context of the local socio-economic and natural phenomena. The author used some general scientific methods of research, i.e. the method of analysis, synthesis, as well as special methods of historical research, such as statistic analysis.

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Timothy H. Lim et al. (eds), The Dead Sea Scrolls in Their Historical Context (Edinburgh: T. T. Clark, 2000), pp. x + 309. 24.95 (hb).

Scottish Journal of Theology ◽

10.1017/s0336930602260182 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 113-126

Author(s):

Simon Gathercole

Keyword(s):

Historical Context ◽

Dead Sea Scrolls ◽

Dead Sea ◽

The Dead

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Psychology as a Profession and a Science

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000088 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ype H. Poortinga ◽

Ingrid Lunt

Keyword(s):

European Association ◽

Historical Context ◽

Professional Psychologists

The European Association of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA) was created in 1981 as the European Association of Professional Psychologists’ Associations (EFPPA). We show that Shakespeare’s dictum “What’s in a name?” does not apply here and that the loss of the “first P” (the adjectival “professional”) was resisted for almost two decades and experienced by many as a serious loss. We recount some of the deliberations preceding the change and place these in a broader historical context by drawing parallels with similar developments elsewhere. Much of the argument will refer to an underlying controversy between psychology as a science and the practice of psychology, a controversy that is stronger than in most other sciences, but nevertheless needs to be resolved.

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