First passage time for the state of exact chemical equilibrium

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Šolc
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
First Passage ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Passage Times ◽  
Number Of Particles

The establishment of chemical equilibrium in a system with a reversible first order reaction is characterized in terms of the distribution of first passage times for the state of exact chemical equilibrium. The mean first passage time of this state is a linear function of the logarithm of the total number of particles in the system. The equilibrium fluctuations of composition in the system are characterized by the distribution of the recurrence times for the state of exact chemical equilibrium. The mean recurrence time is inversely proportional to the square root of the total number of particles in the system.

scholarly journals Probing Protein Shelf Lives from Inverse Mean First Passage Times

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Singh ◽  
Parbati Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
First Passage ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Passage Times ◽  
Good Agreement

Protein aggregation is investigated theoretically via protein turnover, misfolding, aggregation and degradation. The Mean First Passage Time (MFPT) of aggregation is evaluated within the framework of Chemical Master Equation (CME) and pseudo first order kinetics with appropriate boundary conditions. The rate constants of aggregation of different proteins are calculated from the inverse MFPT, which show an excellent match with the experimentally reported rate constants and those extracted from the ThT/ThS fluorescence data. Protein aggregation is found to be practically independent of the number of contacts and the critical number of misfolded contacts. The age of appearance of aggregation-related diseases is obtained from the survival probability and the MFPT results, which matches with those reported in the literature. The calculated survival probability is in good agreement with the only available clinical data for Parkinson’s disease.<br>

scholarly journals Probing Protein Shelf Lives from Inverse Mean First Passage Times

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Singh ◽  
Parbati Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
First Passage ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Passage Times ◽  
Good Agreement

Protein aggregation is investigated theoretically via protein turnover, misfolding, aggregation and degradation. The Mean First Passage Time (MFPT) of aggregation is evaluated within the framework of Chemical Master Equation (CME) and pseudo first order kinetics with appropriate boundary conditions. The rate constants of aggregation of different proteins are calculated from the inverse MFPT, which show an excellent match with the experimentally reported rate constants and those extracted from the ThT/ThS fluorescence data. Protein aggregation is found to be practically independent of the number of contacts and the critical number of misfolded contacts. The age of appearance of aggregation-related diseases is obtained from the survival probability and the MFPT results, which matches with those reported in the literature. The calculated survival probability is in good agreement with the only available clinical data for Parkinson’s disease.<br>

The first passage time to the equilibrium state of a first order reaction

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Šolc
Keyword(s):  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
First Order Reaction ◽  
First Passage ◽  
First Order ◽  
Second Moments ◽  
Large Systems ◽  
First Moment ◽  
Number Of Particles

The first passage time to the state of exact equilibrium (the most probable stationary state) for a first order reaction is described in terms of the probability density and the first and second moments. For large systems, the first moment is proportional to the logarithm of the number of particles in the system, while the dispersion is independent of the size of the system.

scholarly journals Single Stranded dna Translocation Through a Fluctuating Nanopore

2003 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Flomenbom ◽  
J. Klafter
Keyword(s):  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Dna Translocation ◽  
First Passage ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf ◽  
Passage Times

ABSTRACTWe investigate the translocation of a single stranded DNA (ssDNA) through a pore, which fluctuates between two conformations, by using coupled master equations (ME). The probability density function (PDF) of the first passage times (FPT) of the translocation process is calculated, displaying a triple, double or mono-peaked behavior, depending on the system parameters. An analytical expression for the mean first passage time (MFPT) of the translocation process is derived, and provides an extensive characterization of the translocation process.

Time Necessary for Reaching Chemical Equilibrium: First Passage Time Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Solc
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Constant ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
First Order Reaction ◽  
First Passage ◽  
First Order ◽  
System Composition ◽  
Approximate Formulas

The time necessary for reaching the macroscopic chemical equilibrium is defined as the time of first passage of system composition into the state of exact chemical equilibrium. The exact and approximate formulas for the first passage time in the case of reversible first order reaction with an arbitrary value of equilibrium constant are derived.

First-Passage Time in a Random Vibrational System

1966 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Gray
Keyword(s):  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
First Passage ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
First Order ◽  
Vibrational System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Passage Problem

The first-passage problem in a random vibrational system is solved by means of approximations which convert the problem to a first-order one-dimensional Markov process. Laplace transforms are used to evaluate the mean square time to failure.

Spectral Theory for Skip-Free Markov Chains

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Abate ◽  
Ward Whitt
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Spectral Theory ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
First Passage Times ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
First Passage ◽  
Birth And Death Processes ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Passage Times

The distribution of upward first passage times in skip-free Markov chains can be expressed solely in terms of the eigenvalues in the spectral representation, without performing a separate calculation to determine the eigenvectors. We provide insight into this result and skip-free Markov chains more generally by showing that part of the spectral theory developed for birth-and-death processes extends to skip-free chains. We show that the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of skip-free chains can be characterized in terms of recursively defined polynomials. Moreover, the Laplace transform of the upward first passage time from 0 to n is the reciprocal of the nth polynomial. This simple relationship holds because the Laplace transforms of the first passage times satisfy the same recursion as the polynomials except for a normalization.

scholarly journals Mean first-passage time of a tumor cell growth system with time delay and colored cross-correlated noises excitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghong Li ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Noise Intensity ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Mean First Passage Time ◽  
Tumor Cell Growth ◽  
First Passage ◽  
Growth System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Correlated Noises

In this paper, the mean first-passage time of a delayed tumor cell growth system driven by colored cross-correlated noises is investigated. Based on the Novikov theorem and the method of probability density approximation, the stationary probability density function is obtained. Then applying the fastest descent method, the analytical expression of the mean first-passage time is derived. Finally, effects of different kinds of delays and noise parameters on the mean first-passage time are discussed thoroughly. The results show that the time delay included in the random force, additive noise intensity and multiplicative noise intensity play a positive role in the disappearance of tumor cells. However, the time delay included in the determined force and the correlation time lead to the increase of tumor cells.

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